基于高分辨 CT 影像學指導≤2 cm 磨玻璃結節肺癌手術方式胸外科專家共識（2019 版）_Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Authors：

 北京醫學會胸外科分會，中國醫療保健國際交流促進會胸外科分會

中日友好醫院胸外科（北京 100029）;

Corresponding?author：

北京醫學會胸外科分會，中國醫療保健國際交流促進會胸外科分會, Email: deruoliu@vip.sina.com

Keywords：

肺磨玻璃結節; 肺癌; 專家共識

DOI：

10.7507/1007-4848.201912078

Video：

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Citation： 北京醫學會胸外科分會，中國醫療保健國際交流促進會胸外科分會. 基于高分辨 CT 影像學指導≤2 cm 磨玻璃結節肺癌手術方式胸外科專家共識（2019 版）. Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 2020, 27(4): 395-400. doi: 10.7507/1007-4848.201912078 Copy

1.	Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, et al. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin, 2018, 68(6): 394-424.
2.	Chen W, Zheng R, Baade PD, et al. Cancer statistics in China, 2015. CA Cancer J Clin, 2016, 66(6): 115-132.
3.	Goldstraw P, Chansky K, Crowley J, et al. The IASLC lung cancer staging project: proposals for revision of the TNM stage groupings in the forthcoming (Eighth) edition of the TNM classification for lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol, 2016, 11(1): 39-51.
4.	National Lung Screening Trial Research Team, Aberle DR, Adams AM, et al. Reduced lung-cancer mortality with low-dose computed tomographic screening. N Engl J Med, 2011, 365(5): 395-409.
5.	Wood DE, Kazerooni E, Baum SL, et al. Lung cancer screening, version 1.2015: featured updates to the NCCN guidelines. J Natl Compr Canc Netw, 2015, 13(1): 23-34.
6.	Pedersen JH, Rzyman W, Veronesi G, et al. Recommendations from the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons (ESTS) regarding computed tomography screening for lung cancer in Europe. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2017, 51(3): 411-420.
7.	MacMahon H, Naidich DP, Goo JM, et al. Guidelines for management of incidental pulmonary nodules detected on CT images: from the Fleischner Society 2017. Radiology, 2017, 284(1): 228-243.
8.	National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: lung cancer screening (version 2.2019). [2018-11-21]. URL: http://guide.medlive.cn/guideline/16878.
9.	Gould MK, Donington J, Lynch WR, et al. Evaluation of individuals with pulmonary nodules: when is it lung cancer? Diagnosis and management of lung cancer, 3rd ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest, 2013, 143(5 Suppl): e93S-e120S.
10.	Bai C, Choi CM, Chu CM, et al. Evaluation of pulmonary nodules: clinical practice consensus guidelines for Asia. Chest, 2016, 150(4): 877-893.
11.	周清華, 范亞光, 王穎, 等. 中國肺癌低劑量螺旋 CT 篩查指南 (2018 年版). 中國肺癌雜志, 2018, 21(2): 67-75.
12.	中華醫學會呼吸病學分會肺癌學組, 中國肺癌防治聯盟專家組. 肺結節診治中國專家共識 (2018 年版). 中華結核和呼吸雜志, 2018, 41(10): 763-771.
13.	姜格寧, 陳昶, 朱余明, 等. 上海市肺科醫院磨玻璃結節早期肺腺癌的診療共識 (第一版). 中國肺癌雜志, 2018, 21(3): 147-159.
14.	Austin JH, Müller NL, Friedman PJ, et al. Glossary of terms for CT of the lungs: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee of the Fleischner Society. Radiology, 1996, 200(2): 327-331.
15.	Collins J, Stern EJ. Ground-glass opacity at CT: the ABCs. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 1997, 169(2): 355-367.
16.	Takamochi K, Nagai K, Yoshida J, et al. Pathologic N0 status in pulmonary adenocarcinoma is predictable by combining serum carcinoembryonic antigen level and computed tomographic findings. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2001, 122(2): 325-330.
17.	Travis WD, Brambilla E, Noguchi M, et al. International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society: international multi-disciplinary classification of lung adenocarcinoma: executive summary. Proc Am Thorac Soc, 2011, 8(5): 381-385.
18.	Godoy MC, Naidich DP. Overview and strategic management of subsolid pulmonary nodules. J Thorac Imaging, 2012, 27(4): 240-248.
19.	Lee HY, Choi YL, Lee KS, et al. Pure ground-glass opacity neoplastic lung nodules: histopathology, imaging, and management. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2014, 202(3): W224-W233.
20.	Ikehara M, Saito H, Yamada K, et al. Prognosis of small adenocarcinoma of the lung based on thin-section computed tomography and pathological preparations. J Comput Assist Tomogr, 2008, 32(3): 426-431.
21.	Ohde Y, Nagai K, Yoshida J, et al. The proportion of consolidation to ground-glass opacity on high resolution CT is a good predictor for distinguishing the population of non-invasive peripheral adenocarcinoma. Lung Cancer, 2003, 42(3): 303-310.
22.	Suzuki K, Kusumoto M, Watanabe S, et al. Radiologic classification of small adenocarcinoma of the lung: radiologic-pathologic correlation and its prognostic impact. Ann Thorac Surg, 2006, 81(2): 413-419.
23.	Hashizume T, Yamada K, Okamoto N, et al. Prognostic significance of thin-section CT scan findings in small-sized lung adenocarcinoma. Chest, 2008, 133(2): 441-447.
24.	Cho H, Lee HY, Kim J, et al. Pure ground glass nodular adenocarcinomas: are preoperative positron emission tomography/computed tomography and brain magnetic resonance imaging useful or necessary? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2015, 150(3): 514-520.
25.	Cho JY, Leem CS, Kim Y, et al. Solid part size is an important predictor of nodal metastasis in lung cancer with a subsolid tumor. BMC Pulm Med, 2018, 18(1): 151.
26.	Ginsberg RJ, Rubinstein LV. Randomized trial of lobectomy versus limited resection for T1 N0 non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer Study Group. Ann Thorac Surg, 1995, 60(3): 615-622.
27.	Nakamura H, Kawasaki N, Taguchi M, et al. Survival following lobectomy vs limited resection for stage Ⅰ lung cancer: a meta-analysis. Br J Cancer, 2005, 92(6): 1033-1037.
28.	Yendamuri S, Sharma R, Demmy M, et al. Temporal trends in outcomes following sublobar and lobar resections for small (≤ 2 cm) non-small cell lung cancers--a Surveillance Epidemiology End Results database analysis. J Surg Res, 2013, 183(1): 27-32.
29.	Fan J, Wang L, Jiang GN, et al. Sublobectomy versus lobectomy for stage Ⅰ non-small-cell lung cancer, a meta-analysis of published studies. Ann Surg Oncol, 2012, 19(2): 661-668.
30.	Suzuki K, Watanabe S, Wakabayashi M, et al. A nonrandomized confirmatory phase Ⅲ study of sublobar surgical resection for peripheral ground glass opacity dominant lung cancer defined with thoracic thin-section computed tomography (JCOG0804/WJOG4507L). 2017 ASCO Annual Meeting Abstract No: 8561. J Clin Oncol, 2017, 35 (suppl 15): 8561.
31.	Nakamura K, Saji H, Nakajima R, et al. A phase Ⅲ randomized trial of lobectomy versus limited resection for small-sized peripheral non-small cell lung cancer (JCOG0802/WJOG4607L). Jpn J Clin Oncol, 2010, 40(3): 271-274.
32.	Blasberg JD, Pass HI, Donington JS. Sublobar resection: a movement from the Lung Cancer Study Group. J Thorac Oncol, 2010, 5(10): 1583-1593.
33.	Suzuki K, Saji H, Aokage K, et al. Comparison of pulmonary segmentectomy and lobectomy: Safety results of a randomized trial. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2019, 158(3): 895-907.
34.	Sawada S, Yamashita N, Sugimoto R, et al. Long-term outcomes of patients with ground-glass opacities detected using CT scanning. Chest, 2017, 151(2): 308-315.
35.	Zhang Z, Feng H, Xiao F, et al. Limited resection in clinical stage Ⅰ non-small cell lung cancer patients aged 75 years old or more: a meta-analysis. Ann Transl Med, 2018, 6(18): 359.
36.	Dominguez-Ventura A, Cassivi SD, Allen MS, et al. Lung cancer in octogenarians: factors affecting long-term survival following resection. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2007, 32(2): 370-374.
37.	Okami J, Higashiyama M, Asamura H, et al. Pulmonary resection in patients aged 80 years or over with clinical stage Ⅰ non-small cell lung cancer: prognostic factors for overall survival and risk factors for postoperative complications. J Thorac Oncol, 2009, 4(10): 1247-1253.
38.	Kilic A, Schuchert MJ, Pettiford BL, et al. Anatomic segmentectomy for stage Ⅰ non-small cell lung cancer in the elderly. Ann Thorac Surg, 2009, 87(6): 1662-1666.
39.	Jemal A, Murray T, Ward E, et al. Cancer statistics, 2005. CA Cancer J Clin, 2005, 55(1): 10-30.
40.	Bryant AS, Cerfolio RJ. Differences in outcomes between younger and older patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Ann Thorac Surg, 2008, 85(5): 1735-1739.
41.	Suzuki K, Koike T, Asakawa T, et al. A prospective radiological study of thin-section computed tomography to predict pathological noninvasiveness in peripheral clinical ⅠA lung cancer (Japan Clinical Oncology Group 0201). J Thorac Oncol, 2011, 6(4): 751-756.
42.	Kozower BD, Larner JM, Detterbeck FC, et al. Special treatment issues in non-small cell lung cancer: Diagnosis and management of lung cancer, 3rd ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest, 2013, 143(5 Suppl): e369S-e399S.
43.	Warth A, Macher-Goeppinger S, Muley T, et al. Clonality of multifocal nonsmall cell lung cancer: implications for staging and therapy. Eur Respir J, 2012, 39(6): 1437-1442.
44.	Martini N, Melamed MR. Multiple primary lung cancers. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 1975, 70(4): 606-612.
45.	Antakli T, Schaefer RF, Rutherford JE, et al. Second primary lung cancer. Ann Thorac Surg, 1995, 59(4): 863-866.
46.	Nakata M, Sawada S, Yamashita M, et al. Surgical treatments for multiple primary adenocarcinoma of the lung. Ann Thorac Surg, 2004, 78(4): 1194-1199.
47.	Trousse D, Barlesi F, Loundou A, et al. Synchronous multiple primary lung cancer: an increasing clinical occurrence requiring multidisciplinary management. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2007, 133(5): 1193-1200.
48.	Chang YL, Wu CT, Lee YC. Surgical treatment of synchronous multiple primary lung cancers: experience of 92 patients. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2007, 134(3): 630-637.
49.	Rostad H, Strand TE, Naalsund A, et al. Resected synchronous primary malignant lung tumors: a population-based study. Ann Thorac Surg, 2008, 85(1): 204-209.
50.	Yu YC, Hsu PK, Yeh YC, et al. Surgical results of synchronous multiple primary lung cancers: similar to the stage-matched solitary primary lung cancers? Ann Thorac Surg, 2013, 96(6): 1966-1974.
51.	Brunelli A, Charloux A, Bolliger CT, et al. ERS/ ESTS clinical guidelines on fitness for radical therapy in lung cancer patients (surgery and chemoradiotherapy). Eur Respir J, 2009, 34(1): 17-41.
52.	De Leyn P, Dooms C, Kuzdzal J, et al. Revised ESTS guidelines for preoperative mediastinal lymph node staging for non-small-cell lung cancer. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2014, 45(5): 787-798.
53.	Asamura H, Chansky K, Crowley J, et al. The international association for the study of lung cancer lung cancer staging project: proposals for the revision of the N descriptors in the forthcoming 8th edition of the TNM classification for lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol, 2015, 10(12): 1675-1684.
54.	Darling GE, Allen MS, Decker PA, et al. Randomized trial of mediastinal lymph node sampling versus complete lymphadenectomy during pulmonary resection in the patient with N0 or N1 (less than hilar) nonsmall cell carcinoma: results of the American College of Surgery Oncology Group Z0030 Trial. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2011, 141(3): 662-670.
55.	Detterbeck FC, Postmus PE, Tanoue LT. The stage classification of lung cancer: Diagnosis and management of lung cancer, 3rd ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest, 2013, 143(5 Suppl): e191S-e210S.
56.	Hishida T, Miyaoka E, Yokoi K, et al. Lobe-specific nodal dissection for clinical stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ NSCLC: Japanese multi-institutional retrospective study using a propensity score analysis. J Thorac Oncol, 2016, 11(9): 1529-1537.
57.	Adachi H, Sakamaki K, Nishii T, et al. Lobe-specific lymph node dissection as a standard procedure in surgery for non-small cell lung cancer: a propensity score matching study. J Thorac Oncol, 2017, 12(1): 85-93.
58.	Tsutani Y, Suzuki K, Koike T, et al. High-risk factors for recurrence of stage Ⅰ lung adenocarcinoma: follow-up data from JCOG0201. Ann Thorac Surg, 2019, 108(5): 1484-1490.
59.	Eguchi T, Kameda K, Lu S, et al. Lobectomy is associated with better outcomes than sublobar resection in spread through air spaces (STAS)-positive T1 lung adenocarcinoma: a propensity score-matched analysis. J Thorac Oncol, 2019, 14(1): 87-98.
60.	Yanagawa N, Shiono S, Abiko M, et al. The clinical impact of solid and micropapillary patterns in resected lung adenocarcinoma. J Thorac Oncol, 2016, 11(11): 1976-1983.

1. Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, et al. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin, 2018, 68(6): 394-424.
2. Chen W, Zheng R, Baade PD, et al. Cancer statistics in China, 2015. CA Cancer J Clin, 2016, 66(6): 115-132.
3. Goldstraw P, Chansky K, Crowley J, et al. The IASLC lung cancer staging project: proposals for revision of the TNM stage groupings in the forthcoming (Eighth) edition of the TNM classification for lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol, 2016, 11(1): 39-51.
4. National Lung Screening Trial Research Team, Aberle DR, Adams AM, et al. Reduced lung-cancer mortality with low-dose computed tomographic screening. N Engl J Med, 2011, 365(5): 395-409.
5. Wood DE, Kazerooni E, Baum SL, et al. Lung cancer screening, version 1.2015: featured updates to the NCCN guidelines. J Natl Compr Canc Netw, 2015, 13(1): 23-34.
6. Pedersen JH, Rzyman W, Veronesi G, et al. Recommendations from the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons (ESTS) regarding computed tomography screening for lung cancer in Europe. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2017, 51(3): 411-420.
7. MacMahon H, Naidich DP, Goo JM, et al. Guidelines for management of incidental pulmonary nodules detected on CT images: from the Fleischner Society 2017. Radiology, 2017, 284(1): 228-243.
8. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: lung cancer screening (version 2.2019). [2018-11-21]. URL: http://guide.medlive.cn/guideline/16878.
9. Gould MK, Donington J, Lynch WR, et al. Evaluation of individuals with pulmonary nodules: when is it lung cancer? Diagnosis and management of lung cancer, 3rd ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest, 2013, 143(5 Suppl): e93S-e120S.
10. Bai C, Choi CM, Chu CM, et al. Evaluation of pulmonary nodules: clinical practice consensus guidelines for Asia. Chest, 2016, 150(4): 877-893.
11. 周清華, 范亞光, 王穎, 等. 中國肺癌低劑量螺旋 CT 篩查指南 (2018 年版). 中國肺癌雜志, 2018, 21(2): 67-75.
12. 中華醫學會呼吸病學分會肺癌學組, 中國肺癌防治聯盟專家組. 肺結節診治中國專家共識 (2018 年版). 中華結核和呼吸雜志, 2018, 41(10): 763-771.
13. 姜格寧, 陳昶, 朱余明, 等. 上海市肺科醫院磨玻璃結節早期肺腺癌的診療共識 (第一版). 中國肺癌雜志, 2018, 21(3): 147-159.
14. Austin JH, Müller NL, Friedman PJ, et al. Glossary of terms for CT of the lungs: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee of the Fleischner Society. Radiology, 1996, 200(2): 327-331.
15. Collins J, Stern EJ. Ground-glass opacity at CT: the ABCs. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 1997, 169(2): 355-367.
16. Takamochi K, Nagai K, Yoshida J, et al. Pathologic N0 status in pulmonary adenocarcinoma is predictable by combining serum carcinoembryonic antigen level and computed tomographic findings. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2001, 122(2): 325-330.
17. Travis WD, Brambilla E, Noguchi M, et al. International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society: international multi-disciplinary classification of lung adenocarcinoma: executive summary. Proc Am Thorac Soc, 2011, 8(5): 381-385.
18. Godoy MC, Naidich DP. Overview and strategic management of subsolid pulmonary nodules. J Thorac Imaging, 2012, 27(4): 240-248.
19. Lee HY, Choi YL, Lee KS, et al. Pure ground-glass opacity neoplastic lung nodules: histopathology, imaging, and management. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2014, 202(3): W224-W233.
20. Ikehara M, Saito H, Yamada K, et al. Prognosis of small adenocarcinoma of the lung based on thin-section computed tomography and pathological preparations. J Comput Assist Tomogr, 2008, 32(3): 426-431.
21. Ohde Y, Nagai K, Yoshida J, et al. The proportion of consolidation to ground-glass opacity on high resolution CT is a good predictor for distinguishing the population of non-invasive peripheral adenocarcinoma. Lung Cancer, 2003, 42(3): 303-310.
22. Suzuki K, Kusumoto M, Watanabe S, et al. Radiologic classification of small adenocarcinoma of the lung: radiologic-pathologic correlation and its prognostic impact. Ann Thorac Surg, 2006, 81(2): 413-419.
23. Hashizume T, Yamada K, Okamoto N, et al. Prognostic significance of thin-section CT scan findings in small-sized lung adenocarcinoma. Chest, 2008, 133(2): 441-447.
24. Cho H, Lee HY, Kim J, et al. Pure ground glass nodular adenocarcinomas: are preoperative positron emission tomography/computed tomography and brain magnetic resonance imaging useful or necessary? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2015, 150(3): 514-520.
25. Cho JY, Leem CS, Kim Y, et al. Solid part size is an important predictor of nodal metastasis in lung cancer with a subsolid tumor. BMC Pulm Med, 2018, 18(1): 151.
26. Ginsberg RJ, Rubinstein LV. Randomized trial of lobectomy versus limited resection for T1 N0 non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer Study Group. Ann Thorac Surg, 1995, 60(3): 615-622.
27. Nakamura H, Kawasaki N, Taguchi M, et al. Survival following lobectomy vs limited resection for stage Ⅰ lung cancer: a meta-analysis. Br J Cancer, 2005, 92(6): 1033-1037.
28. Yendamuri S, Sharma R, Demmy M, et al. Temporal trends in outcomes following sublobar and lobar resections for small (≤ 2 cm) non-small cell lung cancers--a Surveillance Epidemiology End Results database analysis. J Surg Res, 2013, 183(1): 27-32.
29. Fan J, Wang L, Jiang GN, et al. Sublobectomy versus lobectomy for stage Ⅰ non-small-cell lung cancer, a meta-analysis of published studies. Ann Surg Oncol, 2012, 19(2): 661-668.
30. Suzuki K, Watanabe S, Wakabayashi M, et al. A nonrandomized confirmatory phase Ⅲ study of sublobar surgical resection for peripheral ground glass opacity dominant lung cancer defined with thoracic thin-section computed tomography (JCOG0804/WJOG4507L). 2017 ASCO Annual Meeting Abstract No: 8561. J Clin Oncol, 2017, 35 (suppl 15): 8561.
31. Nakamura K, Saji H, Nakajima R, et al. A phase Ⅲ randomized trial of lobectomy versus limited resection for small-sized peripheral non-small cell lung cancer (JCOG0802/WJOG4607L). Jpn J Clin Oncol, 2010, 40(3): 271-274.
32. Blasberg JD, Pass HI, Donington JS. Sublobar resection: a movement from the Lung Cancer Study Group. J Thorac Oncol, 2010, 5(10): 1583-1593.
33. Suzuki K, Saji H, Aokage K, et al. Comparison of pulmonary segmentectomy and lobectomy: Safety results of a randomized trial. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2019, 158(3): 895-907.
34. Sawada S, Yamashita N, Sugimoto R, et al. Long-term outcomes of patients with ground-glass opacities detected using CT scanning. Chest, 2017, 151(2): 308-315.
35. Zhang Z, Feng H, Xiao F, et al. Limited resection in clinical stage Ⅰ non-small cell lung cancer patients aged 75 years old or more: a meta-analysis. Ann Transl Med, 2018, 6(18): 359.
36. Dominguez-Ventura A, Cassivi SD, Allen MS, et al. Lung cancer in octogenarians: factors affecting long-term survival following resection. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2007, 32(2): 370-374.
37. Okami J, Higashiyama M, Asamura H, et al. Pulmonary resection in patients aged 80 years or over with clinical stage Ⅰ non-small cell lung cancer: prognostic factors for overall survival and risk factors for postoperative complications. J Thorac Oncol, 2009, 4(10): 1247-1253.
38. Kilic A, Schuchert MJ, Pettiford BL, et al. Anatomic segmentectomy for stage Ⅰ non-small cell lung cancer in the elderly. Ann Thorac Surg, 2009, 87(6): 1662-1666.
39. Jemal A, Murray T, Ward E, et al. Cancer statistics, 2005. CA Cancer J Clin, 2005, 55(1): 10-30.
40. Bryant AS, Cerfolio RJ. Differences in outcomes between younger and older patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Ann Thorac Surg, 2008, 85(5): 1735-1739.
41. Suzuki K, Koike T, Asakawa T, et al. A prospective radiological study of thin-section computed tomography to predict pathological noninvasiveness in peripheral clinical ⅠA lung cancer (Japan Clinical Oncology Group 0201). J Thorac Oncol, 2011, 6(4): 751-756.
42. Kozower BD, Larner JM, Detterbeck FC, et al. Special treatment issues in non-small cell lung cancer: Diagnosis and management of lung cancer, 3rd ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest, 2013, 143(5 Suppl): e369S-e399S.
43. Warth A, Macher-Goeppinger S, Muley T, et al. Clonality of multifocal nonsmall cell lung cancer: implications for staging and therapy. Eur Respir J, 2012, 39(6): 1437-1442.
44. Martini N, Melamed MR. Multiple primary lung cancers. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 1975, 70(4): 606-612.
45. Antakli T, Schaefer RF, Rutherford JE, et al. Second primary lung cancer. Ann Thorac Surg, 1995, 59(4): 863-866.
46. Nakata M, Sawada S, Yamashita M, et al. Surgical treatments for multiple primary adenocarcinoma of the lung. Ann Thorac Surg, 2004, 78(4): 1194-1199.
47. Trousse D, Barlesi F, Loundou A, et al. Synchronous multiple primary lung cancer: an increasing clinical occurrence requiring multidisciplinary management. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2007, 133(5): 1193-1200.
48. Chang YL, Wu CT, Lee YC. Surgical treatment of synchronous multiple primary lung cancers: experience of 92 patients. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2007, 134(3): 630-637.
49. Rostad H, Strand TE, Naalsund A, et al. Resected synchronous primary malignant lung tumors: a population-based study. Ann Thorac Surg, 2008, 85(1): 204-209.
50. Yu YC, Hsu PK, Yeh YC, et al. Surgical results of synchronous multiple primary lung cancers: similar to the stage-matched solitary primary lung cancers? Ann Thorac Surg, 2013, 96(6): 1966-1974.
51. Brunelli A, Charloux A, Bolliger CT, et al. ERS/ ESTS clinical guidelines on fitness for radical therapy in lung cancer patients (surgery and chemoradiotherapy). Eur Respir J, 2009, 34(1): 17-41.
52. De Leyn P, Dooms C, Kuzdzal J, et al. Revised ESTS guidelines for preoperative mediastinal lymph node staging for non-small-cell lung cancer. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2014, 45(5): 787-798.
53. Asamura H, Chansky K, Crowley J, et al. The international association for the study of lung cancer lung cancer staging project: proposals for the revision of the N descriptors in the forthcoming 8th edition of the TNM classification for lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol, 2015, 10(12): 1675-1684.
54. Darling GE, Allen MS, Decker PA, et al. Randomized trial of mediastinal lymph node sampling versus complete lymphadenectomy during pulmonary resection in the patient with N0 or N1 (less than hilar) nonsmall cell carcinoma: results of the American College of Surgery Oncology Group Z0030 Trial. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2011, 141(3): 662-670.
55. Detterbeck FC, Postmus PE, Tanoue LT. The stage classification of lung cancer: Diagnosis and management of lung cancer, 3rd ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest, 2013, 143(5 Suppl): e191S-e210S.
56. Hishida T, Miyaoka E, Yokoi K, et al. Lobe-specific nodal dissection for clinical stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ NSCLC: Japanese multi-institutional retrospective study using a propensity score analysis. J Thorac Oncol, 2016, 11(9): 1529-1537.
57. Adachi H, Sakamaki K, Nishii T, et al. Lobe-specific lymph node dissection as a standard procedure in surgery for non-small cell lung cancer: a propensity score matching study. J Thorac Oncol, 2017, 12(1): 85-93.
58. Tsutani Y, Suzuki K, Koike T, et al. High-risk factors for recurrence of stage Ⅰ lung adenocarcinoma: follow-up data from JCOG0201. Ann Thorac Surg, 2019, 108(5): 1484-1490.
59. Eguchi T, Kameda K, Lu S, et al. Lobectomy is associated with better outcomes than sublobar resection in spread through air spaces (STAS)-positive T1 lung adenocarcinoma: a propensity score-matched analysis. J Thorac Oncol, 2019, 14(1): 87-98.
60. Yanagawa N, Shiono S, Abiko M, et al. The clinical impact of solid and micropapillary patterns in resected lung adenocarcinoma. J Thorac Oncol, 2016, 11(11): 1976-1983.

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基于高分辨 CT 影像學指導≤2 cm 磨玻璃結節肺癌手術方式胸外科專家共識（2019 版）

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