小兒尿道下裂術后疼痛護理的研究現狀_West China Medical Journal

Authors：

馮黎維 , 辛文瓊 ,  蔣欣

四川大學華西醫院小兒外科（成都 ?610041）;

Corresponding?author：

蔣欣, Email: flw-yutao@163.com

Keywords：

尿道下裂; 疼痛; 護理

DOI：

10.7507/1002-0179.201611051

Video：

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尿道下裂是男性泌尿生殖系統常見的畸形之一，而手術是目前治療先天性尿道下裂唯一有效的方法，但手術在治療患兒尿道下裂的同時也帶來了疼痛問題，給患兒帶來極大的痛苦。為提高護理人員對小兒尿道下裂術后疼痛現狀的認知，針對性地開展護理、科研工作，該文從小兒尿道下裂術后疼痛調查現狀、影響因素、導致的后果、治療護理現狀及存在的問題、家長參與疼痛管理等方面作一綜述。

Citation： 馮黎維, 辛文瓊, 蔣欣. 小兒尿道下裂術后疼痛護理的研究現狀. West China Medical Journal, 2017, 32(12): 1980-1983. doi: 10.7507/1002-0179.201611051 Copy

1.	Leung AK, Robson WL. Hypospadias: an update. Asian J Androl, 2007, 9(1): 16-22.
2.	Hennekam RC, Allanson JE, Biesecker LG, et al. Elements of morphology: standard terminology for the external genitalia. Am J Med Genet A, 2013, 161A(6): 1238-1263.
3.	Chen MJ, Karaviti LP, Macias CG, et al. State of the art review in hypospadias: challenges in diagnosis and medical management. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev, 2014, 12(1): 46-54.
4.	Springer A. Assessment of outcome in hypospadias surgery - a review. Front Pediatr, 2014, 2: 2.
5.	Taverner T, Prince J. Nurse screening for neuropathic pain in postoperative patients. Br J Nurs, 2014, 23: 76-80.
6.	Chou R, Gordon DB, De Leon-Casasola OA, et al. Management of postoperative pain: a clinical practice guideline from the American pain society, the American society of regional anesthesia and pain medicine, and the American society of anesthesiologists' committee on regional anesthesia, executive committee, and administrative council. J Pain., 2016, 17(2): 131-157.
7.	Rosales, A, Fortier, MA, Campos B, et al. Postoperative pain management in Latino families: parent beliefs about analgesics predict analgesic doses provided to children. Paediatr Anaesth, 2016, 26(3): 307-323.
8.	Shrestha-Ranjit JM, Manias E. Pain assessment and management practices in children following surgery of the lower limb. J Clin Nurs, 2010, 19(1-2), 118-128.
9.	林成敏, 方艷麗, 劉爭. 尿道下裂術后便秘對疼痛影響原因分析及護理對策. 西部醫學, 23(10): 2015-2016.
10.	薛峻嶺, 薛朝華, 唐薇. 尿道下裂患兒尿道成形術后疼痛的護理. 解放軍護理雜志, 2006, 23(6), 59-60.
11.	楊毓敏. 尿道下裂患兒術后疼痛原因及緩解疼痛的護理措施分析. 中外醫學研究, 2013, 89(24): 88-89.
12.	彭小梅. 尿道下裂術后疼痛的原因分析及護理對策. 牡丹江醫學院學報, 2013(1): 83-84.
13.	Macfadyen AJ, Buckmaster MA. Pain management in the pediatric intensive care unit. Crit Care Clin, 1999, 15(1): 185-200.
14.	Wu Y, Lai W, Pei J, et al. Hyperglycemia and its association with clinical outcomes in postsurgical neonates and small infants in the intensive care unit. J Pediatr Surg, 2016, 51(7): 1142-1145.
15.	Wu Y, Pei J, Yang XD, et al. Hyperglycemia and its association with clinical outcomes for patients in the pediatric intensive care unit after abdominal surgery. J Pediatr Surg, 2013, 48(4): 801-805.
16.	Ismail A. The challenges of providing effective pain management for children in the pediatric intensive care unit. Pain Manag Nurs, 2016, 17(6): 372-383.
17.	Snodgrass W, Bush N. TIP hypospadias repair: a pediatric urology indicator operation. J Pediatr Urol, 2016, 12(1): 11-18.
18.	Kundra, P, Yuvaraj, K, Agrawal, K, et al. Surgical outcome in children undergoing hypospadias repair under caudal epidural vs penile block. Paediatr Anaesth, 2012, 22(7): 707-712.
19.	Canning DA. Re: surgical outcome in children undergoing hypospadias repair under caudal epidural vs penile block. J Urol, 2013, 189(5): 1904.
20.	Zaidi RH, Casanova NF, Haydar B, et al. Urethrocutaneous fistula following hypospadias repair: regional anesthesia and other factors. Paediatr Anaesth, 2015, 25(11): 1144-1150.
21.	潘懷清. 舒適護理在減少尿道下裂術后并發癥中的應用. 護士進修雜志, 2011, 26(4): 375-376.
22.	薛峻嶺, 薛朝華, 蘇秋棉. 優拓敷料用于小兒陰莖術后傷口換藥效果觀察. 護理學雜志, 2004, 19(20): 35-36.
23.	張旦紅, 周云, 嚴向明. 康復新液在尿道下裂術后傷口護理的效果分析. 護士進修雜志, 2010, 25(17): 1565-1566.
24.	Sanders C, Young A, McAndrew HF, et al. A prospective randomized trial of the effect of a soluble adhesive on the ease of dressing removal following hypospadias repair. J Pediatr Urol, 2007, 3(3): 209-213.
25.	楊惠娟, 唐媛. 臨床護理路徑在尿道下裂患兒圍手術期中的應用研究. 中國實用護理雜志, 2011, 27(35): 5-7.
26.	王明秀, 鮑隆梅, 徐艷芹, 黃玉珠. 縱行帶蒂島狀包皮瓣或聯合Duplay法行一期尿道成形術治療尿道下裂患兒的護理. 西部醫學, 2013, 25(2), 290-291.
27.	林寧, 邱金花, 吳玉蓮, 等.尿道下裂術后3種不同尿液引流方式的臨床護理及效果觀察. 中華男科學雜志, 2015, 21(2), 153-156.
28.	Abdulatif M, El-Sanabary M. Caudal neostigmine, bupivacaine, and their combination for postoperative pain management after hypospadias surgery in children. Anesth Analg, 2002, 95(5), 1215-1218.
29.	Bhat A. General considerations in hypospadias surgery. Indian J Urol, 2008, 24(2), 188-194.
30.	Garra G, Singer AJ, Taira BR, et al. Validation of the Wong-Baker FACES pain rating scale in pediatric emergency department patients. Acad Emerg Med, 2010, 17(1): 50-54.
31.	劉瑩, 劉天婧, 王恩波. 不同年齡段兒童疼痛評估工具的選擇. 中國疼痛醫學雜志, 2012, 18(12), 752-755.
32.	Nascimento LC, Strabelli BS, Rossato LM, et al. Mothers’ view on late postoperative pain management by the nursing team in children after cardiac surgery. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem, 2010, 18(4): 709-715.
33.	Khin H T, Hegarty M, Russell P, et al. Perception of pediatric pain: a comparison of postoperative pain assessments between child, parent, nurse, and independent observer. Paediatr Anaesth, 2014, 24(11):1127-1131.
34.	Knutsson J, Tibbelin A, Von Unge M. Postoperative pain after paediatric adenoidectomy and differences between the pain scores made by the recovery room staff, the parent and the child. Acta Otolaryngol, 2006, 126(10): 1079-1083.
35.	Manias E. Although parents are generally satisfied with their child’s postoperative care, children continue to experience moderate-to-severe pain postoperatively. Evid Based Nurs, 2014, 17(4): 113.
36.	Kankkunen P, Vehvilainen-Julkunen K, Pietila AM, et al. Parents’ perceptions and use of analgesics at home after children’s day surgery. Paediatr Anaesth, 2003, 13(2): 132-140.
37.	He H G, Vehvilainen-Julkunen K, Polkki T, et al. Chinese parents’ perception of support received and recommendations regarding children’s postoperative pain management. Int J Nurs Pract, 2010, 16(3): 254-261.
38.	李倩, 徐紅, 孟瑋億. 緩解嬰幼兒術后疼痛的家庭照護質性研究. 護理學雜志, 2012, 27(22): 33-36.
39.	Valizadeh F, Ahmadi F, Zarea K. Neglect of Postoperative Pain Management in Children: A Qualitative Study Based on the Experiences of Parents. J Pediatr Nurs, 2016, 31(4): 439-448.
40.	MacLaren Chorney J, Twycross A, Mifflin K, et al. Can we improve parents’ management of their children’s postoperative pain at home?. Pain Res Manag, 2014, 19(4): e115-123.

1. Leung AK, Robson WL. Hypospadias: an update. Asian J Androl, 2007, 9(1): 16-22.
2. Hennekam RC, Allanson JE, Biesecker LG, et al. Elements of morphology: standard terminology for the external genitalia. Am J Med Genet A, 2013, 161A(6): 1238-1263.
3. Chen MJ, Karaviti LP, Macias CG, et al. State of the art review in hypospadias: challenges in diagnosis and medical management. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev, 2014, 12(1): 46-54.
4. Springer A. Assessment of outcome in hypospadias surgery - a review. Front Pediatr, 2014, 2: 2.
5. Taverner T, Prince J. Nurse screening for neuropathic pain in postoperative patients. Br J Nurs, 2014, 23: 76-80.
6. Chou R, Gordon DB, De Leon-Casasola OA, et al. Management of postoperative pain: a clinical practice guideline from the American pain society, the American society of regional anesthesia and pain medicine, and the American society of anesthesiologists' committee on regional anesthesia, executive committee, and administrative council. J Pain., 2016, 17(2): 131-157.
7. Rosales, A, Fortier, MA, Campos B, et al. Postoperative pain management in Latino families: parent beliefs about analgesics predict analgesic doses provided to children. Paediatr Anaesth, 2016, 26(3): 307-323.
8. Shrestha-Ranjit JM, Manias E. Pain assessment and management practices in children following surgery of the lower limb. J Clin Nurs, 2010, 19(1-2), 118-128.
9. 林成敏, 方艷麗, 劉爭. 尿道下裂術后便秘對疼痛影響原因分析及護理對策. 西部醫學, 23(10): 2015-2016.
10. 薛峻嶺, 薛朝華, 唐薇. 尿道下裂患兒尿道成形術后疼痛的護理. 解放軍護理雜志, 2006, 23(6), 59-60.
11. 楊毓敏. 尿道下裂患兒術后疼痛原因及緩解疼痛的護理措施分析. 中外醫學研究, 2013, 89(24): 88-89.
12. 彭小梅. 尿道下裂術后疼痛的原因分析及護理對策. 牡丹江醫學院學報, 2013(1): 83-84.
13. Macfadyen AJ, Buckmaster MA. Pain management in the pediatric intensive care unit. Crit Care Clin, 1999, 15(1): 185-200.
14. Wu Y, Lai W, Pei J, et al. Hyperglycemia and its association with clinical outcomes in postsurgical neonates and small infants in the intensive care unit. J Pediatr Surg, 2016, 51(7): 1142-1145.
15. Wu Y, Pei J, Yang XD, et al. Hyperglycemia and its association with clinical outcomes for patients in the pediatric intensive care unit after abdominal surgery. J Pediatr Surg, 2013, 48(4): 801-805.
16. Ismail A. The challenges of providing effective pain management for children in the pediatric intensive care unit. Pain Manag Nurs, 2016, 17(6): 372-383.
17. Snodgrass W, Bush N. TIP hypospadias repair: a pediatric urology indicator operation. J Pediatr Urol, 2016, 12(1): 11-18.
18. Kundra, P, Yuvaraj, K, Agrawal, K, et al. Surgical outcome in children undergoing hypospadias repair under caudal epidural vs penile block. Paediatr Anaesth, 2012, 22(7): 707-712.
19. Canning DA. Re: surgical outcome in children undergoing hypospadias repair under caudal epidural vs penile block. J Urol, 2013, 189(5): 1904.
20. Zaidi RH, Casanova NF, Haydar B, et al. Urethrocutaneous fistula following hypospadias repair: regional anesthesia and other factors. Paediatr Anaesth, 2015, 25(11): 1144-1150.
21. 潘懷清. 舒適護理在減少尿道下裂術后并發癥中的應用. 護士進修雜志, 2011, 26(4): 375-376.
22. 薛峻嶺, 薛朝華, 蘇秋棉. 優拓敷料用于小兒陰莖術后傷口換藥效果觀察. 護理學雜志, 2004, 19(20): 35-36.
23. 張旦紅, 周云, 嚴向明. 康復新液在尿道下裂術后傷口護理的效果分析. 護士進修雜志, 2010, 25(17): 1565-1566.
24. Sanders C, Young A, McAndrew HF, et al. A prospective randomized trial of the effect of a soluble adhesive on the ease of dressing removal following hypospadias repair. J Pediatr Urol, 2007, 3(3): 209-213.
25. 楊惠娟, 唐媛. 臨床護理路徑在尿道下裂患兒圍手術期中的應用研究. 中國實用護理雜志, 2011, 27(35): 5-7.
26. 王明秀, 鮑隆梅, 徐艷芹, 黃玉珠. 縱行帶蒂島狀包皮瓣或聯合Duplay法行一期尿道成形術治療尿道下裂患兒的護理. 西部醫學, 2013, 25(2), 290-291.
27. 林寧, 邱金花, 吳玉蓮, 等.尿道下裂術后3種不同尿液引流方式的臨床護理及效果觀察. 中華男科學雜志, 2015, 21(2), 153-156.
28. Abdulatif M, El-Sanabary M. Caudal neostigmine, bupivacaine, and their combination for postoperative pain management after hypospadias surgery in children. Anesth Analg, 2002, 95(5), 1215-1218.
29. Bhat A. General considerations in hypospadias surgery. Indian J Urol, 2008, 24(2), 188-194.
30. Garra G, Singer AJ, Taira BR, et al. Validation of the Wong-Baker FACES pain rating scale in pediatric emergency department patients. Acad Emerg Med, 2010, 17(1): 50-54.
31. 劉瑩, 劉天婧, 王恩波. 不同年齡段兒童疼痛評估工具的選擇. 中國疼痛醫學雜志, 2012, 18(12), 752-755.
32. Nascimento LC, Strabelli BS, Rossato LM, et al. Mothers’ view on late postoperative pain management by the nursing team in children after cardiac surgery. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem, 2010, 18(4): 709-715.
33. Khin H T, Hegarty M, Russell P, et al. Perception of pediatric pain: a comparison of postoperative pain assessments between child, parent, nurse, and independent observer. Paediatr Anaesth, 2014, 24(11):1127-1131.
34. Knutsson J, Tibbelin A, Von Unge M. Postoperative pain after paediatric adenoidectomy and differences between the pain scores made by the recovery room staff, the parent and the child. Acta Otolaryngol, 2006, 126(10): 1079-1083.
35. Manias E. Although parents are generally satisfied with their child’s postoperative care, children continue to experience moderate-to-severe pain postoperatively. Evid Based Nurs, 2014, 17(4): 113.
36. Kankkunen P, Vehvilainen-Julkunen K, Pietila AM, et al. Parents’ perceptions and use of analgesics at home after children’s day surgery. Paediatr Anaesth, 2003, 13(2): 132-140.
37. He H G, Vehvilainen-Julkunen K, Polkki T, et al. Chinese parents’ perception of support received and recommendations regarding children’s postoperative pain management. Int J Nurs Pract, 2010, 16(3): 254-261.
38. 李倩, 徐紅, 孟瑋億. 緩解嬰幼兒術后疼痛的家庭照護質性研究. 護理學雜志, 2012, 27(22): 33-36.
39. Valizadeh F, Ahmadi F, Zarea K. Neglect of Postoperative Pain Management in Children: A Qualitative Study Based on the Experiences of Parents. J Pediatr Nurs, 2016, 31(4): 439-448.
40. MacLaren Chorney J, Twycross A, Mifflin K, et al. Can we improve parents’ management of their children’s postoperative pain at home?. Pain Res Manag, 2014, 19(4): e115-123.

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小兒尿道下裂術后疼痛護理的研究現狀

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