Enhance the awareness of infectious and infection-related optic neuritis to improve early diagnosis and treatment outcomes_Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases

Authors：

 Jiang Libin , Liu Wendong

Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China;

Corresponding?author：

Jiang Libin, Email: jlbjlb@sina.com

Keywords：

Infection/etiology; Optic neuritis/diagnosis; Optic neuritis/therapy; Editorial

DOI：

10.3076/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2017.05.003

Video：

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Infectious and infection-related optic neuritis is an important type of optic neuritis. Infectious optic neuritis is caused by direct spread of pathogenic organism to optic nerve from local infection or blood transmission. Infection-related optic neuritis is caused by pathogens-induced immune allergic reaction. They present with atypical clinical features of optic neuritis, including progressive vision loss, persistent eye pain or headache, ineffectiveness or even worse of glucocorticoid therapy. Fundus manifestations include optic disc swelling with peripapillary hemorrhage or neuro-retinitis, and the feature of concurrent uveitis. When these patients first visit ophthalmic clinics, they often lack signs of systemic infection, thus it is easy to misdiagnose them as other types of optic neuropathy and mistakenly treat them. In particular, high-dose glucocorticoid therapy can lead to very serious consequences. Therefore, how to correctly diagnose infectious and infection-related optic neuritis in the early stages are very important for ophthalmologists and need to be seriously kept in our mind.

Citation： Jiang Libin, Liu Wendong. Enhance the awareness of infectious and infection-related optic neuritis to improve early diagnosis and treatment outcomes. Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases, 2017, 33(5): 449-453. doi: 10.3076/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2017.05.003 Copy

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19.	Rim K, Nesrine A, Imen K, et al. Infectious optic neuropathies: a clinical update[J]. Eye Brain, 2015, 7: 59-81. DOI: 10.2147/EB.S69173.
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1. 中華醫學會眼科學分會神經眼科學組. 視神經炎診斷和治療專家共識(2014)[J]. 中華眼科雜志, 2014, 50(6): 459-462. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412-4081.2014.06.013.Neuro-ophthalmology Group, Ophthalmology Branch of Chinese Medical Association. Expert consensus of diagnosis and treatment of optic neuritis[J]. Chin J Ophthalmol, 2014, 50(6): 459-462. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412-4081.2014.06.013.
2. Miller NR, Subramanian PS, Patel VR. Walsh and Hoyt’s clinical neuro-ophthalmology the essentials [M]. 3rd eds. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2016: 130-144.
3. 姜利斌, 王倩, 魏文斌. 視神經炎分類與鑒別診斷[J]. 眼科, 2013, 22(6): 364-369.Jiang LB, Wang Q, Wei WB. Types and differential diagnosis of optic neuritis[J]. Ophthalmol CHN, 2013, 22(6): 364-369.
4. Davis EJ, Rathinam SR, Okada AA, et al. Clinical spectrum of tuberculous optic neuropathy[J]. J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect, 2012, 2(4): 183-189. DOI: 10.1007/s12348-012-0079-5.
5. Patel SS, Saraiya NV, Tessler HH, et al. Mycobacterial ocular inflammation: delay in diagnosis and other factors impacting morbidity[J]. JAMA Ophthalmol, 2013, 131(6): 752-758. DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2013.71.
6. Ji L, Lou YL, Wu ZX, et al. Usefulness of interferon-γ release assay for the diagnosis of sputum smear-negative pulmonary and extra-pulmonary TB in Zhejiang Province, China[J]. Infect Dis Poverty, 2017, 6(1): 121. DOI: 10.1186/s40249-017-0331-1.
7. Ang M, Htoon HM, Chee SP. Diagnosis of tuberculous uveitis: clinical application of an interferon-gamma release assay[J]. Ophthalmol, 2009, 116(7): 1391-1396. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.02.005.
8. Kokkada SB, Barthakur R, Natarajan M, et al. Ocular side effects of antitubercular drugs:a focus on prevention, early detection and management[J]. Kathmandu Univ Med J, 2005, 3(4): 438-441.
9. Wang ZM, Kanoh N, Dai CF et al. Isolated sphenoid sinus disease: an analysis of 122 cases[J]. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol, 2002, 111(4): 323-327.
10. Lee LA, Huang CC, Lee TJ. Prolonged visual disturbance secondary to isolated sphenoid sinus disease[J]. Laryngoscope, 2004, 114(6): 986-990.
11. 曹珊珊, 李紅陽, 徐全剛, 等. 以視神經炎為首發的神經梅毒的臨床觀察[J]. 中華眼科雜志, 2016, 52(12): 898-904. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.ssn.0412-4081.2016.12.006.Cao SS, Li HY, Xu QG, et al. Clinical features of neurosyphilis with optic neuritis as an initial finding[J]. Chin J Ophthalmol, 2016, 52(12): 898-904. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.ssn.0412-4081.2016.12.006.
12. Sahin O, Ziaei A. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of ocular syphilis, co-infection, and therapy response[J]. Clin Ophthalmol, 2015, 10: 13-28. DOI: 10.2147/OPTH.S94376.
13. 馬開富, 劉勝武. 梅毒血清學診斷實驗方法研究進展[J]. 國際檢驗醫學雜志, 2012, 33(1): 63-66. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4130.2012.01.027.Ma KF, Liu SW. The research progress of the serologic tests for syphilis[J]. Int Lab Med, 2012, 33(1): 63-66. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4130.2012.01.027.
14. 樊尚榮, 梁麗芬. 2015年美國疾病控制中心性傳播疾病診斷和治療指南(續)——梅毒的診斷和治療指南[J]. 中國全科醫學, 2015, 18(27): 3260-3264. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-9572.2015.27.002.Fan SR, Liang LF. CDC 2015 guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of syphilis[J]. Chinese General Practice, 2015, 18(27): 3260-3264. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-9572.2015.27.002.
15. Belum GR, Belum VR, Chaitanya Arudra SK, et al. The Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction: revisited[J]. Travel Med Infect Dis, 2013, 11(4): 231-237. DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2013.04.001.
16. Rigi M, Khan K, Smith SV, et al. Evaluation and management of the swollen optic disk in cryptococcal meningitis[J]. Surv Ophthalmol, 2017, 62(2): 150-160. DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2016.10.004.
17. Chen H, Zhang Q, Tan S, et al. Update on the application of optic nerve sheath fenestration[J]. Restor Neurol Neurosci, 2017, 35(3): 275-286. DOI: 10.3233/RNN-160693.
18. Mansour AM. Cytomegalovirus optic neuritis[J]. Curr Opin Ophthalmol, 1997, 8(3): 55-58.
19. Rim K, Nesrine A, Imen K, et al. Infectious optic neuropathies: a clinical update[J]. Eye Brain, 2015, 7: 59-81. DOI: 10.2147/EB.S69173.
20. Chi SL, Stinnett S, Eggenberger E, et al. Clinical characteristics in 53 patients with cat scratch optic neuropathy[J]. Ophthalmology, 2012, 119(1): 183-187. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.06.042.
21. 陳蘭蘭, 姜利斌. 兒童視神經炎診治的現狀與進展[J]. 中華眼科雜志, 2014, 50(12): 1-4. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412-4081.2014.12.019.Chen LL, Jiang LB. Current status and progress in diagnosis and treatments of pediatric optic Neuritis[J]. Chin J Ophthalmol, 2014, 50(12): 1-4. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412-4081.2014.12.019.

Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases

Enhance the awareness of infectious and infection-related optic neuritis to improve early diagnosis and treatment outcomes

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