The caudate lobe of the liver has always been regarded as the deepest segment, with most complicated anatomy. The surgeon’s understanding of the caudate lobe and its subsegments has undergone a complex and tortuous process. In recent years, the special view and fine anatomy of the caudate lobe in laparoscopic resection of caudate lobe of liver have been proved or challenged based on the traditional anatomical knowledge of the liver gross specimen, cast specimen and three-dimensional reconstruction. It is these validations and challenges that keep surgeons revising and restoring the caudate anatomy to its true form. This article will discuss these new ideas and describe the laparoscopic total caudate lobectomy in detail from the point of view of a laparoscopic surgeon.