Objective To evaluate the association between fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) rs2981582 polymorphism and the risk of breast cancer in Chinese population. Methods PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Chinese Science and Technology Academic Journal, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Chinese Journal Full-Text Database, and Wanfang Database were searched to identify relevant articles that investigated the association of FGFR2 rs2981582 polymorphism with breast cancer risk from their inception to March 2018. A meta-analysis was performed by using the Stata 12.0 software. Results A total of 11 case-control studies were included in the present meta-analysis, including 5 921 breast cancer cases and 5 909 healthy controls. The pooled results indicated that, there was significant association between FGFR2 rs2981582 polymorphism and susceptibility of breast cancer in Chinese population under allele model ［C vs. T: OR=1.07, 95% CI was (1.01, 1.14), P=0.027］, heterozygote model ［CC vs. CT: OR=1.12, 95% CI was (1.01, 1.24), P=0.026］, homozygous model ［CC vs. TT: OR=1.19, 95% CI was (1.05, 1.34), P=0.005］, dominant model ［CC vs. CT+TT: OR=1.10, 95% CI was (1.00, 1.21), P=0.040］, and recessive model ［TT vs. CC+CT: OR=1.19, 95% CI was (1.10, 1.30), P<0.001］. Conclusion FGFR2 rs2981582 polymorphism was associated with the risk of breast cancer in Chinese population.