ObjectiveTo observe the expression of interleukin (IL)-17, IL-4 and interferon γ (IFN-γ) in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU). MethodsC57BL/6 mice were immunized with interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein 1-20 to induce EAU. The inflammatory reaction before and on 7, 14, 21, 28 days after immunization were observed. The level of IL-17, IL-4 and IFN-γ in the serum were measured by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA). mRNA and protein expression of spleen and retina were analysed using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot at the same time, respectively. ResultsThe most serious inflammatory reaction occurred at the 14th day after immunization. The highest level of IFN-γ in serum, highest mRNA and protein expression of IFN-γ in spleen and retina of mice occurred at day 7 after being immunized. The highest level of IL-17, IL-4 in serum, highest mRNA and protein expression of IL-17, IL-4 in spleen and retina of mice occurred at day 14 after being immunized. The increase degree of IL-17 was more than IFN-γ and IL-4. At 7, 14 and 21 days after immunization, compared with the pre-immunization, the level of IL-17, IL-4, IFN-γ in serum of mice were significantly increased (F=1 817.346, 268.600, 164.621; P < 0.05). There was no difference in the levels of IL-17, IL-4, IFN-γin serum of mice between pre-and 28 days after immunization (P > 0.05). At 7, 14 and 21 days after immunization, compared with the pre-immunization, the protein expression of IL-17, IL-4, IFN-γ in spleen (F=312.67, 114.250, 216.220) and retina (F=271.504, 85.370, 80.722) of mice were significantly increased (P < 0.05). There was no difference in protein expression of IL-17, IL-4, IFN-γ in spleen and retina of mice between pre-and 28 days after immunization (P > 0.05). ConclusionsThere were IL-17, IL-4 and IFN-γ expression in EAU. IL-17, IL-4 and IFN-γ play a key role in the occurrence and development of the EAU.
Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effects of vitrectomy on chronic and refractory Behcet′s diseases. Methods The clinical data of 8 patients (10 eyes) with Behcet′s diseases from 0.5 to 3 years after vitrectomy were retrospectively analyzed. Pre-and post-operative visual acuity, control of inflammation after the surgery, and the recurrence were observed and analyzed. Both of the eyes were involved in all of the patients, including complete Behcet′s diseases in 5 and incomplete in 3. Results Vitreous opacity and liquefaction were found in all of the involved eyes, dark retina and thin retinal vessels were seen in most of the eyes, and vascular obstruction or sheath-like changes in different degrees were detected in some eyes. Improvement of visual acuity was observed in all of the eyes which had undergone the treatment after the operation. There was significant difference between the visual acuity before the surgery and at the 1st and 2nd week and the 1st and 6th month after the surgery. During the follow-up period, recurrence of the inflammation was found in 3 eyes within 1 month and in 6 eyes within 6 months; no recurrence was found in 4 eyes after the operation. No acute recurrence of inflammation was found after operation in the involved eyes. Conclusion Vitrectomy for chronic and refractory Behcet′s diseases may improve the visual acuity of the involved eyes, and the surgery is safe and effective. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2005, 21: 357-359)
Objective To observe the retinal toxicity of intravitreal injection of Bevacizumab (Avastin) in albino rabbit eyes at different doses. Methods Sixteen New Zealand albino rabbits，thirty-two eyes were divided into four groups at random. Three groups were prepared for Avastin experiment, named A, B, C. Each group received intravitreal injection of Avastin at dose 1.25 mg/0.05ml，2.5 mg/0.1ml and 6.25 mg/0.25 ml respectively. The other group named D served as a control, and accepted intravitreal injection of 0.9% normal saline 0.1 ml. Then test it by electroretinagram (ERG) after 1, 2 and 4 weeks. In addition, each group was removing two rabbitprime;s eyes to observe the retinal morphology and ultra structure by light microscope and transmission electron microscopy after intravitreal injection avastin 1, 2 and 4 weeks. Results The ERG pattern and amplitude of each group were normal after intravitreal injection Avastin 1, 2 and 4 weeks. （P＞0.05）Between study and control groups, there was no significant difference in retinal morphology which was observed by light microscope at any stage of the study. By electron microscopic observation, retinal ultramicrostructure was no evident retinal toxicity being tested both at group A and B (1.25 mg/0.05 ml and 2.5 mg/0.1 ml). But at group C (6.25 mg/0.25 ml), significant mitochondrial swelling and hydropic changes were seen in the inner segments of photoreceptors. And there was no improvement of the pathological changes in four weeks. Conclusion It is safe that intravitreal injection of Avastin in rabbitprime;s eyes at dose 1.25 mg or 2.5 mg at single time. （Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2008，24：193-196）
PURPOSE: To explore the pathogenesis of anisometropic and amblyopias. METHODS:To carry out on monocular and binocular atropinized cat models during the developmental period for anisometropia and ametropia ,and measure the cytosomal sectional area and some parameters of the dendric field from the dorsal lateral geniculate nuclei (dLGN)of adult cats by using Golgi-Cox staining. RESULIS:The changes of cytosomal sectional areas and parameters about dendric fields in the dLGN of experimental cats were as following:significant differences between cells of dLGN's A1 lamina by the monocular atropinized eyes and normal ones, binocular atropinized eyea and normal ones;no significant difference between tbat driven by the monoular and binocular atropinized eyes. CONCLUSIONS:There might be resemble pathogenesis between anisomelropic and ametropic amblyopias. （Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1996,12:153-156）
Objective To observe whether transforming growth factor-beta;2（TGF-beta;2）could promote the differentiation of retinal stem cells in rats cultured in vitro. Methods The retinal stem cells were separated from the embryonic ratsprime; eyes under the dissecting microscope, cultured, and subcultured. The cells were identified by nestin and Chx-10 immunofluorescence. The sixth generation of cells were induced and differentiated, immunofluorescent stained with anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein，anti-opsin, anti-b-tubulin, and anti-protein kinase C, and identified the final cells. Results The cultured cells after induced by TGF-beta;2 differentiated to the mature cells. The results of immunofluorescence showed that the differentiated cells induced by TGF-beta;2 were more than which induced by the embryonic bovine blood serum. Conclusion TGF-beta;2 may induce the retinal stem cell differentiating into retinal cells. The inductive and differentiating effect of TGF-beta;2 is ber than which of the blood serum. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2007, 23: 104-107)
Objective To investigate the clinical and pathological characteristics, prognosis and treatment strategies of adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA). Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 489 patients with AIS and MIA in our hospital from January 2007 to August 2015. There were 122 males and 367 females with an average age of 26–78 (51±9) years. According to the pathological types, they were divided into the AIS group (246 patients) and the MIA group (243 patients). In the AIS group, there were 60 males and 186 females with an average age of 50±7 years. In the MIA group, there were 62 males and 181 females with an average age of 54±5 years. The clinicopathological features, surgical methods and prognosis of the two groups were compared. Results There were significant differences in age, value of carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA), nodule shape and nodule size between the AIS and MIA groups (P<0.05). AIS patients were mostly under the age of 60 years with the value of CEA in the normal range which often appeared as pure ground-glass opacity lung nodules <1 cm in diameter on the CT scan. MIA often appeared as mixed ground-glass nodules <1.5 cm in diameter, accompanied by bronchiectasis and pleural indentation. The 5-year disease-free survival rate of the AIS and MIA groups reached 100%, and there was no statistical difference in the prognosis between the two groups after subtotal lobectomy (pulmonary resection and wedge resection) and lobectomy, systematic lymph node dissection and mediastinal lymph node sampling. Conclusion The analysis of preoperative clinical and imaging features can predict the AIS and MIA and provide individualized surgery and postoperative treatment program.
Objective To investigate the effects of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) on proliferation of pericytes of bovine retinal capillary vessels and expression of transforming growth factor beta;(TGF-beta;). Methods The proliferation of pericytes detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) colorimetric assay, cellular cycle of pericytes was analyzed by flow cytometry was used to analyze cell, and TGF-beta; protein expression of pericytes was observed by immunofluorescent staining. Results AGEs inhibited the proliferation of pericytes of bovine retinal capillary vessels, stopped the cellular cycle of pericytes in synthesis phase (S phase), increased the number of apoptotic cells obviously (Plt;0.01), and promoted the expression of TGF-beta; proteinof perycytes. Conclusions AGEs may promote the apoptosis of pericytes by inhibiting the proliferation of pericytes to lead the decrease of pericytes number, and may accelerate diabetic retinopathy by promoting the expression of TGF-beta; protein of pericytes. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2006, 22: 20-23)
ObjectiveTo observe the expression of hot shock protein 47 (HSP47) in pre-retinal membrane of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) and the influence of transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) on the expression of HSP47 in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell. MethodsPre-retinal membranes were collected and observed by hematoxylin-eosin, Masson and immunohistochemical staining. Cultured ARPE-19 cells were treated with TGF-β2 at serial concentration (0, 1, 5, 10 ng/ml) and time (0, 12, 24, 48 hours), respectively. And then the mRNA and protein expressions of HSP47 and Col-Ⅰ were measured by fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot at the same time. ResultsA lot of epithelial cells with pigmental particles were observed in pre-retinal membranes of PVR, much accumulated collagen protein was observed in the specimens, and HSP47 positive expression was bserved in cytoplasm and stroma of most of the epithelioid cells. Compared with 0 ng/ml group, the expressions of HSP47 mRNA in ARPE-19 were up-regulated by 1.32, 2.35, 1.85 fold, significant differences were observed in all groups (F=27.21, P<0.05); the expressions of protein were up-regulated by 2.33, 2.89, 2.60 fold, significant differences were observed in all groups (F=39.78, P<0.05). The expressions of Col-Ⅰ mRNA were up-regulated by 1.29, 1.52, 2.11 fold, significant differences were observed in all groups (F=23.45, P<0.05); the expressions of protein were up-regulated by 1.18, 1.49, 2.11 fold and significant differences were observed in all groups (F=29.10, P<0.05). Compared with 0 hour group, the expressions of HSP47 mRNA were up-regulated by 1.56, 1.84, 2.86 fold in ARPE-19 cells stimulated by 5 ng/ml TGF-β2 for 12, 24 and 48 hours, and the differences were all significant (F=31.56, P<0.05); the expressions of protein were up-regulated by 2.08, 2.37, 2.80 fold, and the differences were all significant (F=49.18, P<0.05). The expressions of Col-Ⅰ mRNA were up-regulated by 1.57, 1.86, 2.78 fold and the differences were all significant (F=54.43, P<0.05), the expressions of protein were up-regulated by 1.38, 1.59, 2.16 fold and the differences were all significant (F=42.52, P<0.05). ConclusionTGF-β2 may play a role in the pathologic process of PVR by promoting the expression of HSP47 and then increasing the synthesis and accumulation of Col-Ⅰ.
Purpose To investigate retinoic acid (RA) induced apoptosis in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Methods 10-5、10-6、10-7 mol/L were added to cultured PRE cells.Aridine orange fluorescence and TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labelling(TUNEL) techniques were used to observe apoptotic changes. Resultss 10-5、10-6、10-7 mol/L RA induced apoptosis in RPE cells.Cell shringkage,chromatin condensation and nuclear DNA fragmentation of RPE cells were observed by TUNEL technique.When 10-7、10-6、10-5mol/L RA treated RPE cells for 5 days,apoptotic index(AI)was 36.9%、4409% and 61.4% respectively,and 48.0%、59.9%、74.2% for 6 days.At the same concentration of RA,AI increased when time prolonged．At the same day,AI increased when the concentration of RA rose.There was significant difference in the results(Plt;0.05). Conclusion Our results showed that RA-induced apoptosis in RPE cells was detected with a good dose and time response. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1998,14:153-155)