Atrial fibrillation is a common and refractory atrial arrhythmia. Changes of atrial mechanical circumstances are closely related to the occurrence and maintenance of atrial fibrillation. Mechanical factors can increase the automaticity, slow conduction velocity and shorten the effective refractory period of the atrium by causing electrical and structural remodeling, and eventually increase the inducibility of atrial fibrillation. The intracellular calcium level, function and structure of cytoskeleton, local renin-angiotensin system, integrin and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) pathway might take part in the process. Here we analyze and review the underlining mechano-electric feedback process of atrial fibrillation and its related research in order to provide a theoretical basis for further research and elucidating of the mechanical mechanism of atrial fibrillation.