Objective To exploring the practical experience of teaching mode in the standardized training of anesthesia nurses, and providing scientific reference and practical basis for the construction of a professional talent training system for anesthesia nurses. Methods The same group of anesthesia nurses from the Department of Anesthesiology of West China Tianfu Hospital, Sichuan University, from September 2022 to December 2024 were selected. The period from September 2022 to October 2023 served as the control group, while the period from November 2023 to December 2024 was the experimental group. The control group received conventional training, while the experimental group received conventional training plus interprofessional education training. The comprehensive abilities (theoretical knowledge assessment, operational skill assessment, and anesthesiologists’ satisfaction) of the nurses in the two groups and the quality of anesthesia during the perioperative period were compared. Results A total of 34 nurses were included, with 32 in the experimental group and 34 in the control group. The theoretical knowledge assessment [(90.54±5.87) vs. (82.40±8.71) points], operational skill assessment [(96.34±1.66) vs. (91.63±6.89) points], and anesthesiologists’ satisfaction [(4.53±0.54) vs. (4.14±0.44) points] in the experimental group were all higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Except for the incidence of severe anaphylactic reactions during anesthesia (P>0.05), there were statistically significant differences in other terms of perioperative anesthesia quality between the two groups (P<0.05). The incidences of occupational exposure (1 vs. 3 cases) and patients’ skin avulsion (1 vs. 4 cases) was lower in the experimental group than in the control group, but the differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05); neither group experienced serious adverse events such as medication errors. Conclusion Interprofessional education can effectively improve the comprehensive ability of anesthesia nurses and perioperative anesthesia quality, which is worthy of promotion in continuing education and training.