In thiis study,we show thai carbachol stimulates the accumulation of inositol phosphates(InsPs)in human rellnal pigment epithelium (RPE)cells and atropine blocks the carbachol-induced effect ,suggesting the existence of musearinie acelyleholine receptors in human RPE cells. In contrast,noradrenaline,serotonin, cpidermal growth factor (EGF),isoproterenol,and NECA (5'-[N-ethyl]-carboxamido-adenosine)do not influence the basal levels of InsPs.Moreover,isoprmerenol and NECA do not affect the carhaehol elevated levels of InsPs.EGF,howcvcr,does potentiate the carhaehol stimulated elevation of InsPs in a dose-dependent manner ,suggesting an interaction between EGF and musearinie receptors in cultured human RPE cells. （Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1994,10:220-222）
Esophageal cancer is one of the common malignant tumors with high incidence and poor prognosis. Angiogenesis-related pathways play an important role in the occurrence and development of esophageal cancer. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the main mediator of angiogenesis. In addition to promoting angiogenesis and maintaining the survival of neovascularization, VEGF can also directly act on esophageal cancer cells and promote the occurrence and development of tumors. This article reviews the biology of VEGF and its effect on blood vessels, the expression of VEGF in esophageal cancer cells and its influencing factors, the role of VEGF in esophageal cancer cells, the immunomodulatory activity of VEGF and the clinical study of VEGF inhibitors. The purpose of this study is to provide a basis for more rational use of VEGF inhibitors in the treatment of esophageal cancer.
For research the relationship between the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the cell proliferation. The expression of VEGF was evaluated while the cell cycle of hepatoma cell line Hep G2, which was synchronized at G0 phase with serum deprivation, and reinitiated with TPA and blocked with antisense oligonucleotides of c-jun. Results: Hep G2 cell did not express VEGF at G0 phase. TPA could induce the expression of VEGF as well as initiation of cell cycle. The antisense oligonucleotides of c-jun could prohibit the expression of VEGF and arrest the cell cycle at G0 phase. Conclusion: The fact that the expression of VEGF accompanies the initiation of cell cycle suggests that they be regulated by the same singnal pathway, the expression of VEGF may be a marker indicating the proliferation of hepatoma cells.
Objective To evaluate the effect of composite (bFGF/PDPB) of basic fibroblast growth factor（bFGF） and partially deproteinized bone (PDPB) on the repair of femoral head defect. Methods Forty-eight femoral heads with defect derived from 24 New Zealand rabbits were divided into 3 groups at random, which were implanted with bFGF/PDPB(group A), PDPB(group B) and nothing(group C) respectively.The rabbits were sacrificed at 2,4,and8 weeks after operation, and then the femoral heads were obtained. The specimens injected with Chinese ink were created. Then X-ray examination, histopathological and morphological examination of blood vessel, and image analysis were made. Results The bone defects healed completely 8 weeks after operation in group A. The implants in the repaired tissue were not substituted completely in group B. The bone defects did not heal completely in group C. Two weeks after operation, affluent newly formed vessels were seen in repaired areas in groupA. No significant difference between group A and group B was observed 8 weeks after operation. In group C, newly formed vessels were scarce 2, 4, and 8 weeks after operation. There were 3 sides rated excellent, 2 good and 1 fair in group A; 1 excellent, 2 good, 2 fair and 1 poor in group B; and 1 fair and 5 poor in group C according to the X-ray evaluation 8 weeks after operation. Eight weeks after operation, the volume fraction of bone trabecula in repaired tissue was higher in group A than that in group B (Plt;0.05), and the fraction in group C was thelowest among the 3 groups (Plt;0.05). Conclusion The composite ofbFGF and PDPB can effectively promote the repair of femoral head defect of rabbit.
Objective To research the gene expression of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in zone Ⅱ flexor tendon wound healing of rabbit. Methods Sixty New Zealand white rabbits forepaws(left side) underwent complete transection and the middle digit flexor digitorum profundus tendon in zone Ⅱ were repairedby Kessler methods as the experimental group. The normal right forepaws served as the control group. The tendons and tendon sheaths were harvested at 1, 7, 14, 21, 28and 56 days after repair(n=10). The expression patterns ofTGF-β1 wereanalyzed by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry staining methods. Results The in situ hybridization examination revealed thatTGF-β1 mRNA expression upregulated at 1 day, reached the peak levels at 1421 days and remained high levels up to 56 days in the experimental group. The expression ofTGF-β1 mRNA in control group was lowerthan that in the experimental group, showing statistically significant difference (Plt;0.05). The results of immunohistochemical staining was similar to that of in situ hybridization. Conclusion The normal tendon and tendon sheath cells are capable ofTGF-β1 production. The cytokine is activated in tendon wound condition. The upregulation of this cytokine in both tendon and tendon sheath cells are coincidence with both extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms for tendonrepair.
Objective To evaluate the effect on microvessel density (MVD) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression of combining radiofrequency ablation (RFA) with arsenious acid (AA) locally treating liver VX2 tumor in rabbits. Methods Twenty-eight New Zealand White rabbits with implanted liver VX2 tumors were randomly divided into four groups, control group (n=7), AA group (n=7), RFA group (n=7) and combination (RFA+AA) group (n=7). All rabbits were killed 14 days after treatment. MVD and VEGF expression were examined by immunohistochemistry. Results The MVD degraded one by one in control group,AA group,RFA group and RAF+AA group, which were (38.50±0.44), (23.07±0.47), (18.65±0.39) and (11.36±0.36)/HP respectively, compared while each two groups, P＜0.05. The VEGF expression also degraded one by one, the ratio of positive cases were 7/7, 5/7, 4/7 and 2/7 respectively, compared while each two groups, P＜0.05. There was positive correlation between VEGF expression and MVD (Person conefficient of product-moment correlation r=0.47, P＜0.01). Conclusion Combining RAF with AA therapy can greatly decrease MVD and VEGF expression of tumor tissue.
Objective To explore the human stromal cell-derived factor 1α (hSDF-1α) and human vascular endothel ial growth factor 165 (hVEGF165) mRNA expressions of the transfected cells after hSDF-1α gene and hVEGF165 gene were transfected into rat myoblasts in vitro so as to lay a foundation for further study on the synergistic effects of 2 genes on tissue engineered skeletal muscle vascularization. Methods The myoblasts of 1-day-old Sprague Dawley rats were cultured and purified by trypsin digestion assay in vitro and were identified by immunohistochemistry staining of Desmin. pproximately 70%-80% of confluent myoblasts were transfected with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-hSDF-1α and EGFP-hVEGF165 genes in vitro (transfected group) and were not transfected (control group). The expressions of hSDF-1αand hVEGF165 mRNA and protein in the transfected cells were detected by RT-PCR, ELISA, and Western blot espectively.Results The cultured cells were identified as myoblasts by immunohistochemistry staining of Desmin. The expression ofgreen fluorescent protein was observed in transfected cells, indicating that hSDF-1α and hVEGF165 genes were transfected into myoblasts successfully. The mRNA and protein expressions of the 2 genes were positive in the transfected group by RT-PCR and Western bolt assay at 2, 4, 6, and 8 days after transfection, and were negative in the control group. The expressions of hSDF- 1α and hVEGF165 showed a stable low level in the control group, but the expressions of the proteins increased at 2 days and then showed gradual downtrend with time in the transfected group by ELISA assay. There were significant differences in the expressions of hSDF-1α and hVEGF165 proteins between different time points in the transfected group, and between 2 groups (P lt; 0.05). Conclusion hSDF-1α and hVEGF165 genes are successfully transfected into myoblasts in vitro, and mRNA and proteins of hSDF-1α and hVEGF165 can be expressed in the transfected myoblasts, which may provide the experimental evidence for the expressions of hSDF-1α and hVEGF165 mRNA and proteins in vivo successfully.
Objective To investigate the effect of short-term administration of growth hormone (GH) on serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) level and nutritional status in patients after gastrointestinal operation, and evaluate whether postoperative application of GH rise the risk of tumor recurrence. Methods Forty-eight patients undergoing major gastrointestinal operation were randomly divided into two groups: GH group （n=24） and control group （n=24）. The two groups received isocaloric isonitrogenous nutrition with daily injection of either GH 0.15 U/kg or placebo for a period of day 3-9 postoperatively. Serum albumin, fibronectin, and IGF-1 were measured before operation as a baseline, and day 3 and 10 after operation using standard laboratory techniques. Nitrogen balance was measured daily from day 3 to day 9 after operation. Postoperative complications and adverse reaction were observed. All cancer patients received regular abdominal B-type ultrasonography and chest X-ray examination during 2 years of follow-up. Results Compared with control group, GH treatment did not influence serum IGF-1 and serum albumin level （Pgt;0.05）, but improved significantly the rise from day 3 to day 10 of serum fibronectin level 〔(22.8±5.8) mg/L vs.（9.6±3.6） mg/L， P＜0.05〕 and the cumulative nitrogen balance 〔（11.37±16.82） g vs.（－9.11±17.52） g， P＜0.01〕 postoperatively. There was no severe adverse effects and complications during GH treatment. The tumor-recurrence rates were not statistically different between two groups during follow-up. Conclusions Short-term administration of low-dose GH combined with early nutrition support can improve total nitrogen retention and protein metabolism, but not influence serum IGF-1 level after major abdominal surgery. Short-term administration of low-dose GH may not cause the tumor-recurrence.
【Abstract】Objective To evaluate the distribution of nerve growth factor receptor( P75 NGFR) in congenital choledochal cyst(CCC) and its clinical implication. Methods Specimens from 18 children with CCC and normal choledochal specimens from 9 controls were immuno-stained with P75 NGFR antibody. Results Extensive P75 NGFR staining was found in the nerve fibres of normal comnon bile duct，bly staining of ganglion cells were observed on the normal specimens. There was very little immunoreactive fibre in the CCC. Conclusion The abnormal distribution of P75 NGFR in the aganglionic choledochal suggests that abnormal P75 NGFR is related to the occurrance of the CCC.
Objective To observe the degradation of the polyactic glycolate acid (PLGA) microparticles with releasing-slowly vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) synthesized by the method of emulsification-diffusion. Methods The method of emulsification-diffusion is to incorporate VEGF into microparticles composed of biodegradable PLGA. The controlled release of microparticles are acquired. The content of the VEGF released slowly from PLGA microparticles in vitro was detected with ELISA at different time. Results We synthesized 100 releasing-slowly VEGF PLGA microparticles with the size of 0.20-0.33 μm by 5 times. The contents were 62±11 ng/L, 89±14 ng/L, and 127±19 ng/L in the 1st, the 2nd and the 3rd months after degradation, respectively. Conclusion The PLGAmicroparticles with releasing-slowly VEGF can be synthesized by the method of emulsification-diffusion.