For patients whose dominant lesions require surgical resection while secondary lesions are deeply located or contralaterally distributed, traditional approaches typically involve multi-site lung resection, which frequently results in substantial pulmonary trauma and loss of lung function. Transbronchial ablation technology, particularly electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy-guided ablation, offers thoracic surgeons a novel "lung-preserving" strategy. From the perspective of thoracic surgery, this article systematically reviews the current status of transbronchial ablation technology, its application scenarios in hybrid surgery, comparisons with percutaneous ablation, and future development directions, aiming to provide references for individualized comprehensive treatment of multiple pulmonary nodules.