In October 2022, thirteen government departments including the National Health Commission jointly issued the National Action Plan to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance (2022-2025) to proactively address challenges of antimicrobial resistance. In support of the implementation of the National Action Plan in healthcare institutions, the authors put forward following suggestions for prevention and control measures: strengthen construction of supporting systems and disciplines, enhance prevention and control of hospital-acquired infections caused by drug-resistant bacteria, promote precision diagnosis and treatment through diagnostic stewardship, advance rational drug use by performing prescription review, carry out universal and targeted training, establish clinical decision support systems using information technology, improve monitoring and evaluation systems, and enhance multi-source data fusion and application.
This article provides a systematic interpretation of the Development and Implementation of National Action Plans for Infection Prevention and Control Practical Guide issued by the World Health Organization in 2025. Functioning as a pragmatic evolution of the 2016 Guidelines on core components of infection prevention and control programmes, this new guide aims to overcome systemic bottlenecks in transitioning from theoretical advocacy to practical implementation through a core “five-step cycle” framework. It elaborates on eight strategic pathways, including governance architecture, data-driven methodologies, and multidisciplinary synergy, while achieving high integration with the global action plan and monitoring framework. The guide offers significant benchmarks for refining infection prevention and control professional security mechanisms, enhancing the clinical translation efficacy of surveillance data, and deepening multidisciplinary integration in China. It provides theoretical support and a practical reference for constructing a high-quality modern infection prevention and control macro-governance system and formulating related policies.