Objective To investigate the osteoblasts effect, compl ications and influencing factors in the appl ication of small freeze-drying allogeneic bone plots mixed autologous bone fragments in spinal surgery, and to compare with autogenous bone graft. Methods From January 2003 to January 2007, 515 cases of spinal injuries were treated. A total of 324 cases weretreated with small freeze-drying allogeneic bone plots mixed with autologous bone grafts (group A), including 211 males and 113 females with an average age of 36 years (18-83 years). There were 182 cases of thoracolumbar vertebra fracture, 68 cases of lumbar spondylol isthesis, 47 cases of lumbar vertebral canal stenosis, 17 cases of cervical disc herniation, 5 cases of cervical spine fracture-dislocation and 5 cases of thoracolumbar vertebra tumor. The weight of bone graft was 10-60 g (mean 30 g). A total of 191 cases were treated with autogenous bone grafting (group B), including 135 males and 56 females with an average age of 32 years (23-78 years). There were 109 cases of thoracolumbar vertebra fracture, 23 cases of lumbar spondylol isthesis, 17 cases of lumbar vertebral canal stenosis, 19 cases of cervical disc herniation, and 23 cases of cervical spine fracture-dislocation. The weight of bone graft was 10-50 g (mean 25 g). Results In group A, effusion of wound increased in 4 cases and the result of bacterial culture was negative; effusion was absorbed after 2 weeks of local irrigation, drainege and cortin management. In group B, no obvious effusion was observed. The follow-up time was 10-36 months (mean 17.4 months) in group A and 8-36 months (mean 16.8 months) in group B. The bone heal ing was achieved in 308 cases within 4-10 months (mean 8.1 months) and in 184 cases within 4-10 months (mean 5.8 months), and the bone fusion rates were 95.06% and 96.34% in groups Aand B, respectively. There was no significant difference in bone fusion rate between groups (P gt; 0.05). According to Mankin and Komender evaluation standard, the response rates were 95.06% and 96.34% in groups A and B, respectively, showing no significant difference (P gt; 0.05). Conclusion Mix-bone grafting has the same effective to autologous bone grafting in bone fusion rate. It could be used as the supplement of the autologous bone inadequacy.
Objective To analyze the disease burden, risk factor attribution, and trends through 2030 of female breast cancer in China from 1990 to 2023. MethodsBased on data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023, the average annual percent change (AAPC) was used to evaluate long-term trends. An age-period-cohort (APC) model was applied to assess age, period, and cohort effects. Population attributable fractions, attributable disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and decomposition analysis were used to evaluate the contributions of risk factors. A Bayesian APC model was used to project trends from 2024 to 2030. ResultsFrom 1990 to 2023, the age-standardized incidence rate of female breast cancer in China increased from 24.54 per 100 000 to 31.62 per 100 000, whereas the age-standardized mortality rate decreased from 10.65 per 100 000 to 6.74 per 100 000 and the age-standardized DALY rate decreased from 372.92 per 100 000 to 228.43 per 100 000. The AAPCs in incidence rates were negative among women aged 15–39 years (P<0.05) and became positive after 45 years of age (P<0.05), with the largest increase observed in the 85–89 year age group (AAPC=1.72%). In the ≥95 year age group, mortality, DALY, and years of life lost rates all increased, with AAPCs of 0.58%, 0.52%, and 0.52%, respectively (P<0.05). APC analysis showed that the net drift in age-specific incidence rates was 0.315% per year (P<0.001), whereas the net drift in age-specific mortality rates was ?2.316% per year (P<0.001). In 2023, the leading attributable risk factors were high red meat intake, secondhand smoke, high fasting plasma glucose, high body mass index, and low physical activity. Bayesian APC projections indicated that the age-standardized incidence, mortality, and DALY rates would reach 38.91 per 100 000, 7.84 per 100 000, and 244.24 per 100 000, respectively, by 2030. ConclusionsThe incidence burden of female breast cancer in China continued to increase, whereas the age-standardized mortality and premature mortality burdens declined over the long term but showed a recent rebound. The disease burden increasingly shifted toward older women, and the overall burden is expected to remain substantial through 2030.