Objective To observe the anastomotic status of the vortex veins in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). MethodsA cross-sectional study of clinical practice. From July 2021 to July 2022, 50 cases (50 eyes) of monocular CSC patients diagnosed through ophthalmic examination at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were included in the study. Among them, there were 37 males (74.0%, 37/50) and 13 females (26.0%, 13/50), with the mean age of (44.30±9.59) years old. The course of disease from the onset of symptoms to the time of treatment was less than 3 months. The affected eye and contralateral eye of CSC patients were divided into the affected eye group and contralateral eye group, respectively. Fifty healthy volunteers of the same age and gender were selected as the normal control group with 50 eyes. The macular area scanning source optical coherence tomography (OCT) vascular imaging examination was performed with Visual Microimaging (Henan) Technology Co., Ltd. VG200D. Horizontal watershed vortex veins anastomosis rate and asymmetric vortex-venous dilation rate were observed by en face OCT. The device comes with software to calculate the central foveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), mean choroidal thickness (MCT), and choroidal vascular index (CVI). One-way analysis of variance and χ2 test were used to compare the three groups. When variances were unequal between groups, nonparametric tests were performed. ResultsThe SFCT values of the affected eye group, contralateral eye group, and normal control group were (567.12±129.02), (513.26±133.17), (327.64±97.40) μm, respectively; MCT were (407.38±97.54), (388.24±94.13), (275.46±60.55) μm, respectively; CVI were 0.34±0.05, 0.32±0.04, and 0.27±0.04, respectively; anastomosis rates of vortex veins were 98% (49/50), 78% (39/50), and 40% (20/50), respectively; asymmetric dilation rates of vortex veins were 96% (48/50), 88% (44/50), and 48% (24/50), respectively. The differences of SFCT (F=53.974), MCT (Z=51.415), CVI (F=28.082), vortex vein anastomosis rate (χ2=43.056), asymmetric dilation rate of vortex veins (χ2=37.728) among three groups were statistically significant (P＜0.001). Compared with the contralateral eye group, the SFCT, MCT, CVI, vortex vein anastomosis rate, and vortex vein asymmetric dilation rate in the affected eye group were significantly higher than those in the contralateral eye group. Among them, the differences of SFCT (t=2.054), CVI (t=2.211), and vortex vein anastomosis rate (χ2=9.470) were statistically significant (P＜0.05); the differences of MCT (Z=7.490), asymmetric dilation rate of vortex veins（χ2=2.714) were not statistically significant (P=1.000, 0.140). ConclusionsSFCT, MCT, and CVI in the affected and contralateral eyes of monocular CSC patients significantly increase. The anastomotic rate and asymmetric dilation rate of the vortex vein in the opposite eye were lower than those in the affected eye.
ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the CHRM1 gene and genetic susceptibility to high myopia (HM) in the Han population of Henan Province. MethodsA retrospective case-control study. From January 2021 to April 2023, 576 HM patients (HM group) and 768 healthy volunteers (control group) were recruited from the Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. All participants were of Han ethnicity from Henan Province. SNP data for the CHRM1 gene in the Northern Han Chinese population were downloaded from the 1000 Genomes Project Online Website, with screening criteria of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium P＞0.05 and minor allele frequency＞0.05. Haploview software was used to analyze HapMap genotypes, identifying 5 tagSNP: rs55885673, rs544978, rs56995061, rs1942499, and rs2075748. MassARRAY system was employed for genotyping the 5 tagSNP loci. The SHEsis online software was employed to analyze the distribution differences of genotypes and allele frequencies between the two groups. Linkage disequilibrium coefficient D' was used to evaluate the recombination events between SNP loci, and haplotypes with frequencies exceeding 3% were constructed for statistical analysis. Results The age of the HM group was significantly lower than that of the control group (t=18.515, P＜0.05), while no significant difference was observed in gender distribution (χ2=2.869, P=0.087). Compared with the control group, the HM group showed significantly higher frequencies of the C allele [odds ratio (OR)=1.44, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.09-1.91, Pc=0.045)] and CC genotype (OR=1.50, 95%CI: 1.11-2.02, Pc=0.038) at the rs56995061 locus, and significantly lower frequencies of the T allele (OR=0.69, 95%CI: 0.52-0.91, Pc=0.045) and CT genotype (OR=0.67, 95%CI: 0.49-0.91, Pc=0.045). Additionally, the CT genotype frequency at the rs2075748 locus was significantly lower in the HM group (OR=0.66, 95%CI: 0.53-0.84, Pc=0.002). The haplotype G-T-A-A formed by rs55885673-rs56995061-rs1942499-rs544978 was significantly less frequent in the HM group (OR=0.71, 95%CI: 0.54-0.94, P=0.170).ConclusionsThe polymorphisms at the SNP loci rs56995061 and rs2075748 in the CHRM1 gene are associated with the genetic susceptibility to high myopia in the Chinese Han population. The G-T-A-A haplotype composed of rs55885673-rs56995061-rs1942499-rs544978 reduces the susceptibility to high myopia.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of silicone oil removal combined with dexamethasone intravitreal implant (DEX) for the treatment of macular edema secondary to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). MethodsA retrospective case series study. From September 2023 to September 2024, 25 patients (25 eyes) with PDR complicated by macular edema who underwent silicone oil removal combined with DEX treatment at Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University were enrolled. There were 13 male patients (13 eyes) and 12 female patients (12 eyes). All eyes developed macular edema after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with silicone oil tamponade. All affected eyes underwent best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) examinations. BCVA was measured using the international standard logarithmic visual acuity chart, and the results were converted to logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) visual acuity records; OCT was used to measure the retinal thickness at the macular fovea (CMT). The surgical method was silicone oil removal combined with intravitreal injection of 0.7 mg DEX. At 1, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after the surgery, the above indicators were re-examined using the same methods and equipment as before the surgery. Paired t tests or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to compare the changes in logMAR BCVA, CMT, and intraocular pressure before and after the surgery and between groups. ResultsThe logMAR BCVA values before surgery and at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after surgery were 1.12±0.11, 0.52 (0.30, 1.17), 0.30 (0.26, 0.50), 0.31 (0.30, 0.70). BCVA improved significantly after surgery, and the differences were statistically significant (t=3.492, 2.965, 4.739; P=0.003, 0.018, 0.001). The CMT values before surgery and at 1, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after surgery were (463.00±127.21), 245.66 (211.50, 305.23), (230.00±69.39), (240.59±48.75), and (251.56±69.86) μm. CMT decreased significantly after surgery, and the differences were statistically significant (t=?6.512, ?5.843, ?4.167, ?4.728; P＜0.05). One day after the surgery, two eyes developed transient elevation of intraocular pressure, which was controlled with topical hypotensive agents. During the follow-up period, no complications, such as migration of the implant into the anterior chamber, were observed. ConclusionsSilicone oil removal combined with DEX is effective and safe for the treatment of macular edema after PPV with silicone oil tamponade. It can significantly improve the patient's postoperative vision and effectively reduce macular edema.