Objective To systematically review the research progress of assessment tools for operative competency of surgical residents under the competency-based medical education framework, and to provide references for optimizing the assessment system of operative competency in standardized residency training in China. MethodsA scoping review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews. Descriptive analysis and thematic synthesis were used to summarize the included studies. Relevant literature published between January 1, 2016, and March 15, 2026, was searched in PubMed, CNKI, and Wanfang databases. Studies on the development, validation, and application of assessment tools for operative competency in surgical residents were included. Tool categories, application scenarios, and measurement evidence were summarized and analyzed. ResultsA total of 37 studies were included, comprising 33 English-language articles and 4 Chinese-language articles. Existing assessment tools were mainly classified into three categories: simulation-based assessment tools, workplace-based assessment tools, and emerging technology-assisted assessment tools. Simulation-based tools showed a high degree of standardization; workplace-based tools were more closely aligned with authentic clinical settings; and emerging technology-assisted tools demonstrated clear advantages in objectivity, longitudinal recording, and efficiency. Most studies reported evidence for content validity and internal structure validity. Some tools also showed acceptable inter-rater reliability and the ability to discriminate between different levels of trainee performance. However, evidence regarding response process validity, consequential validity, and associations with real clinical outcomes remained relatively limited. ConclusionsUnder the competency-based medical education framework, assessment tools for operative competency of surgical residents have formed a relatively mature basic system. However, shortcomings remain in localized application, specialty-specific staged assessment, and the accumulation of high-quality validity evidence. In China, a staged and progressive comprehensive assessment system integrating multiple tools should be developed in accordance with the realities of standardized residency training, while specialty-specific assessment pathways should be explored in high-risk and complex subspecialties such as hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery.
Objective To discuss the therapeutic effect and safety of laparoscopic cholecystectomy plus laparoscopiccommon bile duct exploration （LC＋LCBDE） and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography/endoscopic sphincte-rotomy plus LC （ERCP/EST＋LC） for cholecystolithiasis with choledocholithiasis patients with obstructive jaundice. Methods The clinical data of cholecystolithiasis with choledocholithiasis patients with obstructive jaundice from January2011 to June 2012 were analyzed retrospectively. During this period， 48 patients were treated by LC＋LCBDE （LC＋LCBDE group）， and 76 patients by ERCP/EST＋LC （ERCP/EST＋LC group）. Results ①There were no statistical significances in the age， gender， preoperative total bilirubin， alanine aminotransferase， number and maximum diameter of common bile duct stone， and internal diameter of common bile duct in two groups （P＞0.05）. ②No perioperative mortality occurred and no significant differences were observed in terms of stone clearance from the common bile duct， postoperative morbidity， and conversion to open surgery in two groups （P＞0.05）. However， the operative time and post-operative hospital stay in the LC＋LCBDE group were shorter than those in the ERCP/EST＋LC group （P＜0.05）. In addi-tion， the costs of surgical procedure and hospitalization charges in the LC＋LCBDE group were less than those in the ERCP/EST＋LC group （P＜0.05）. Conclusions Both LC＋LCBDE and ERCP/EST＋LC are safe and effective therapies forcholecystolithiasis with choledocholithiasis patients with obstructive jaundice. However， LC＋LCBDE is better for pati-ents’ recovery and cost effective. Especially for patients with common bile duct＞1.0cm in diameter or with multiple common bile duct stones， LC＋LCBDE is the best choice. To sum up， the choice of minimally invasive treatment must be individualized according to the patient’s condition and the availability of local resources.
This consensus was initiated by the Anesthesiology Teaching and Research Section at West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, in collaboration with multidisciplinary experts in critical care medicine, pain medicine, and other related fields. It aims to establish an expert consensus on the establishment of anesthesiology courses in the undergraduate education of clinical medicine programs. The consensus provides recommendations on various aspects, including teaching objectives, course timing, curriculum content, teaching methods, credit hours, educational resources such as textbooks, assessment and evaluation methods, and faculty team development. The goal is to promote the independent establishment of anesthesiology courses in the undergraduate clinical medicine curriculum in China, serving as a reference for medical schools nationwide. This initiative seeks to further enhance the knowledge and competencies of undergraduate clinical medicine graduates in anesthesiology-related areas.