Blood pressure variability (BPV) is a novel predictor related to blood pressure level, and a large number of studies based on the hypertension cohort have shown that BPV is an independent predictor of target organ damages and cardiovascular adverse outcomes. Due to the significant hemodynamic changes, BPV in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hemodialysis is higher than the simple hypertension cohort, suggesting that BPV may be of great significance to patients with chronic kidney disease and hemodialysis. In recent years, studies based on CKD and hemodialysis cohort have published in succession whose results revealed that BPV of this cohort is of great prognostic significance for predicting target organ damages and cardiovascular disease risks. This article aims to provide an overview on these research, so as to survey and predict the clinical significance of BPV in CKD and hemodialytic patients.