European system for cardiac operative risk evaluation(EuroSCORE) is one of the widely used and influential cardiac surgery risk assessment system. It was originally used to predict the quantitative score of probability of death after cardiac surgery. After that, it has been developed to predict long-term mortality and survival rate, ICU residence time, treatment costs, main complications and so on. EuroSCORE Ⅱ is the latest version, which is more accurate in predicting mortality, long term survival rate than the old one. But there are also some limitations as predicting limited range of the end, underestimating the mortality of critically endangered patients, lacking adequate preoperative risk factors and so on. This review article focuses on the production, development and clinical application of EuroSCORE.