Artificial blood vessels are commonly applied in the treatment and reconstruction surgeries of cardiovascular diseases, which have a considerable clinical demand. Using a 6 mm diameter as a threshold, they are categorized into large- and small-diameter types. Calcification is one of the factors affecting whether artificial blood vessels can successfully be transplanted and function. The occurrence of calcification after implantation may lead to graft failure, particularly compromising the long-term patency of small-diameter grafts. Therefore, focusing on the research of calcification mechanisms and anti-calcification strategies for artificial blood vessels is of great importance. In this paper, we summarized the possible calcification mechanisms of artificial vessels and methods to prevent or delay post-implantation calcification, with the aim of providing insights for future research on anti-calcification artificial vessels.