alpha-Calcitonin gene-related peptide (alpha-CGRP) plays a significant pathophysiological role in bone development, metabolism and remodeling around dental implants. However, the half-life of alpha-CGRP in plasma is only 10 min, which affects its long-time application and an alternative approach should be developed to deliver alpha-CGRP over long periods of time. The aim of this study is to investigate whether a lentiviral alpha-CGRP overexpression vector system can express this target-gene longer at peri-implant sites, thus enhancing osseointegration. Animals were divided to the following groups: alpha-CGRP(-/-), alpha-CGRP(-/-) with lentivirus transfection and alpha-CGRP(+/+) mice. MS Spectrum imaging observations identified the successful transfection of alpha-CGRP around experimental implants inserted in the femurs at 5 days after injection. Histomorphometrical analysis indicated an increase of bone-implant contact (BIC) at 1-month healing in the transfection group. Moreover, real-time RT-PCR and western blot results of bone-related markers Runx2, Osterix, and BSP levels elevated in lentivirus-transfected mice at 21 days, compared to the untreated alpha-CGRP(-/-) mice. There was no significant difference between the transfection group and alpha-CGRP(+/+) group. Further alpha-CGRP protein detection confirmed the persistent expression of this transgene at 21 days post-operatively. These results suggest that this lentiviral vector system expresses alpha-CGRP in an effective, appropriate and sustained manner, which might have a potential application in enhancing titanium implant osseointegration. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
ObjectiveThis study examined the pattern of adjunctive antidepressant use in schizophrenia patients and its demographic and clinical correlates in a nationwide survey in China. MethodsFourteen thousand and thirteen patients in 45 Chinese psychiatric hospitals or centers were interviewed (4,486 in 2002, 5,288 in 2006, and 4,239 in 2012). Patients' sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were recorded using a standardized protocol and data collection procedure. Chi-square test, independent-samples t test, Mann-Whitney U test, and multiple logistic regression analysis were used in data analyses. ResultsAntidepressant use was found in 5.2% of the study population with 4.6% in 2002, 4.3% in 2006, and 6.9% in 2012, respectively. A significant increase in use from 2006 to 2012 was found (p<.001). Multiple logistic regression analyses in the whole population revealed that patients receiving adjunctive antidepressants were more likely to be outpatients in tertiary referral centers (level-III hospitals) and who had an earlier age of onset, less severe global illness, but more depressive symptoms. They were less likely to receive first-generation antipsychotics but more likely to receive benzodiazepines (R-2=0.255, p<.001). ConclusionsDespite an increasing trend, the frequency of antidepressant use in schizophrenia in China was considerably lower than in Western countries. The benefits and risks associated with concomitant use of antidepressants in schizophrenia need to be studied further.
目的 采用RNA干擾技術沉默CCS（copper chaperone for SOD1）基因，構建相關小干擾RNA（siRNA），探索出針對CCS的高效siRNA序列。 方法 合成用于人臍靜脈內皮細胞（HUVEC）細胞中沉默CCS基因的siRNA。應用脂質體轉染的方法在HUVEC細胞中對CCS基因進行RNA沉默。蛋白免疫印跡Western blotting檢測沉默前后CCS蛋白表達變化的情況，甲基四唑藍法MTT檢測轉染前后細胞活力。最后用單因素方差分析對數據進行統計學分析，以確定有效的siRNA序列。 結果 轉染前后細胞形態無肉眼可見變化，轉染后細胞活力分別為98.5%和98.8%。CCS蛋白沉默率分別為63.7%和61.4%。 結論 采用siCCS-2和siCCS-3序列轉染條件對HUVEC細胞活力損傷小，CCS沉默效率高，實驗條件穩定，重復性好。為我們繼續研究沉默CCS后抑制血管內皮細胞的生長增殖、血管形成提供了穩定的實驗基礎。