目的 評價不同復蘇方法和不同藥物、氧療、物理療法等對新生兒窒息復蘇和復蘇后的預防措施的有效性和安全性.方法 計算機檢索Cochrane Library(2004年第3期),MEDLINE(1966～2002年) 關于新生兒窒息復蘇時不同復蘇方法、氧氣的應用、以及不同藥物、劑量、給藥途徑治療和預防新生兒窒息的系統評價、隨機和半隨機對照試驗.結果 正壓通氣時使用100%氧氣和應用室內空氣的復蘇效果并無差異.胎糞污染羊水(MSAF)與較高的新生兒缺血缺氧性腦病(HIE)的發生率有關,而氣管內有胎糞者無論稀稠均與胎糞吸入綜合征發生率無關.窒息復蘇后預防性給予亞低溫療法、抗驚厥藥、納洛酮、多巴胺等在降低新生兒病死率,繼發HIE的嚴重程度等方面與對照組相比無顯著差異.應用肺表面活性物質(PS)預防和治療新生兒呼吸窘迫綜合征(RDS),可減少死亡率和并發癥.結論 應用PS預防和治療RDS可明顯減少新生兒死亡率,且胎齡lt;32周的早產兒預防用藥比治療用藥效果更好;目前尚無充分證據證明窒息復蘇后預防性給予亞低溫療法、抗驚厥藥、納洛酮、多巴胺等治療的有效性.
Objective?To investigate the role of low-dose heparin added to total nutrient admixture (TNA) solutions in the prevention of catheter related infections (CRIs). Methods?One-hundred three newborn infants with periph-erally inserted central catheter (PICC) were divided into heparin group (n=63) and control group (n=40). The patients in the heparin group received TNA with 0.5 U/ ml heparin. The patients in the control group received TNA without heparin. We retrospectively analyzed the incidence of CRTs in the two groups. Results?We found that the incidence of CRIs was 0 in the heparin group and 12.5% (5/40) in the control group. The incidence of catheter obstruction was 6.3% (4/63) in the heparin group and 20% (8/40) in the control group. The incidence of catheter-tip colonization was 1.58% (1/40) in the heparin group and 17.5% (7/40) in the control group. The incidences of CRIs, catheter obstruction, and catheter-tip colonization were signiicantly lower in the heparin group than those in the control group (Plt;0.05). Conclusion?TNA solutions with 0.5U/ml heparin have decreased catheter obstruction and CRIs.