Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is one of the leading causes of visual impairment in children. As understanding on the pathogenesis of ROP accumulated, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs and their application have changed the treatment mode. Anti-VEGF therapy, with convenient operation and clear efficacy, has become an important treatment method for ROP. However, due to the dysfunction of organs in children with ROP, anti-VEGF drugs can enter blood circulation after intravitreal injection and then lead to temporarily reduction of the VEGF level in the blood, which may theoretically cause adverse effects on the development of all organs (especially the brain) in children with ROP. Therefore, it's necessary to pay attention to the effect of anti-VEGF drugs on neurodevelopment in children with ROP, strictly grasp the indications, and standardize its clinical application, so as to continuously improve the overall prognosis of ROP.
Objective To summarize the best evidence for posture management in children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders, and to provide an evidence-based reference for clinical posture management, musculoskeletal deformity prevention and functional outcome improvement. Methods The evidence-based question was formulated using the PIPOST framework. A systematic search was performed following the 6S evidence model in UpToDate, BMJ Best Practice, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PubMed, CNKI, CBM, VIP and Wanfang Data, from January 2021 to May 2026. ResultsA total of 35 articles were included, consisting of 5 guidelines, 20 systematic reviews/Meta-analyses, 8 randomized controlled trials and 2 expert consensuses. Twelve pieces of best evidence were extracted across 6 domains: 24-hour posture management, disease-specific interventions, assessment tools, stratified functional intervention, nighttime postural support and emerging technologies. ConclusionThe summarized best evidence for posture management in children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders helps standardize clinical postural interventions, reduce the risk of musculoskeletal deformities, and support stratified, individualized rehabilitation management.