Master protocol with adaptive design is a new complex innovative trial design that combines an adaptive treatment strategy and master protocol. It is more flexible and adjustable. In the complex clinical trial environment, the dynamics emphasized in this design are consistent with the idea of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome differentiation and treatment. In this study, we summarized its concept, characteristics and advantages, and we also discussed its application in TCM clinical research. We hope this paper can provide more thinking and suggestions for TCM clinical trials.