目的 研究薏苡仁水提液對受輻射小鼠外周血白細胞、骨髓有核細胞數量及微核率變化的影響，并檢測白細胞介素（IL）-1、IL-2、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）基因的變化以探討其抗輻射損傷的作用機制。 方法 用薏苡仁水提液在受輻射前后對小鼠進行灌胃，對輻射后小鼠外周血白細胞、骨髓有核細胞計數，計算微核率，逆轉錄-聚合酶鏈反應（RT-PCR）檢測IL-1、IL-2、SOD基因的變化，對實驗結果進行統計學分析。 結果 隨薏苡仁水提液劑量的加大，受照射小鼠骨髓有核細胞數不斷增多，且微核數呈降低趨勢；高劑量組與空白對照組相比，照射后第7天小鼠外周血白細胞數差異無統計學意義（P＞0.05），且3個劑量組外周血白細胞數均高于輻射對照組，差異有統計學意義（P＜0.01）；薏苡仁水提液高、中劑量組IL-1、IL-2、SOD基因的相對表達量均高于空白對照組和輻射對照組（P＜0.01）。 結論 薏苡仁水提液可能具有促使骨髓有核細胞快速釋放、加快外周血白細胞數量恢復進度的作用，且具有降低受輻射小鼠骨髓有核細胞和外周血淋巴細胞微核率的作用；再者，薏苡仁水提液可上調受輻射小鼠機體SOD、IL-1、IL-2的表達水平，具有增強自由基清除、抗輻射和免疫保護調節的作用。
【摘要】 目的 制備小鼠腎炎模型并觀察雙氫青蒿素（dihydroartemisinine，DHA）對模型小鼠細胞因子腫瘤壞死因子-α（tunor necrosis factor，TNF-α）和白細胞介素-6（inter leukin-6，IL-6）的影響以及小鼠腎臟的病理變化。 方法 取雄性昆明種小鼠120只， 隨機分為正常對照組、脂多糖（lipopolysaccharides，LPS）組、LPS+腎勻漿組及DHA治療組；分別于12、24、48 h取血，酶聯免疫吸附試驗檢測血清中TNF-α和IL-6的含量，蘇木精-伊紅染色法觀察小鼠腎臟的病理變化。 結果 造模48 h LPS+腎勻漿組小鼠腎小球出現炎性細胞浸潤，而正常對照組未見異常；LPS組及 DHA治療組僅有輕微的病理改變。LPS刺激使小鼠血清TNF-α和IL-6含量高于正常水平（Plt;0.01），但有隨時間不斷下降的趨勢；LPS+腎勻漿組較正常對照組TNF-α和IL-6含量升高（Plt;0.01）；DHA可顯著下調模型小鼠血清TNF-α的水平（Plt;0.01），但對IL-6的影響相對較小（Pgt;0.05）。 結論 運用改良的造模方法LPS+腎勻漿建立腎炎模型效果良好；DHA可以調節模型小鼠炎癥因子TNF-α和IL-6的釋放，具有一定的改善模型小鼠腎炎癥狀的作用。【Abstract】 Objective To establish mice nephritis models, detect the serum level changes of cytokines tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the model mice treated by Dihydroartemisinin (DHA), and observe the physiological changes of the mice kidneys. Methods One hundred and twenty male Kunming mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, lipopolysaccharides (LPS) group, LPS plus kidney homogenate group, and DHA treated group. The level of cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in the serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunoabsordent assey at hour 12, 24, and 48, respectively. Pathological changes were observed by hematoxylin: eosin staining. Results At the time hour 48 after the establishment of the model, inflammatory cell infiltration was observed in the glomerulus of the LPS plus kidney homogenate group, but no abnormality was found in the control group. There were only slight pathological changes in mice models of the LPS group and the DHA treated group. The serum level of TNF-α and IL-6 increased remarkably after the treatment of LPS (Plt;0.01), but declined as time went by. The level of TNF-α and IL-6 increased significantly in LPS plus kidney homogenate group compared with the control group (Plt;0.01). DHA could significantly decrease the TNF-α level in the serum (Plt;0.01), but had a low influence on IL-6 (Pgt;0.05). Conclusion The modified LPS plus kidney homogenate has a good result in model establishing. DHA can regulate the release of TNF-α and IL-6 in the model mice, and may have certain good effects on ameliorating the nephritis pathological changes.
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive low-current brain stimulation technique, which is mainly based on the different polarity of electrode stimulation to make the activation threshold of neurons different, thereby regulating the excitability of the cerebral cortex. In this paper, healthy subjects were randomly divided into three groups: anodal stimulation group, cathodal stimulation group and sham stimulation group, with 5 subjects in each group. Then, the performance data of the three groups of subjects were recorded before and after stimulation to test their mental rotation ability, and resting state and task state electroencephalogram (EEG) data were collected. Finally, through comparative analysis of the behavioral data and EEG data of the three groups of subjects, the effect of electrical stimulation of different polarities on the three-dimensional mental rotation ability was explored. The results of the study found that the correct response time/accuracy rate and the accuracy rate performance of the anodal stimulation group were higher than those of the cathodal stimulation and sham stimulation groups, and there was a significant difference (P < 0.05). The alpha wave power analysis found that the mental rotation mainly activates the frontal lobe, central area, parietal lobe and occipital lobe. In the anodal stimulation group, the alpha wave power changed significantly in the frontal lobe and occipital lobe (P < 0.05). The results of this paper show that anodal stimulation group can improve the mental rotation ability of the subjects to a certain extent. The results of this paper can provide important theoretical support for further research on the mechanism of tDCS on mental rotation ability.
Cognitive enhancement refers to the technology of enhancing or expanding the cognitive and emotional abilities of people without psychosis based on relevant knowledge of neurobiology. The common methods of cognitive enhancement include transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and cognitive training (CT). tDCS takes effect quickly, with a short effective time, while CT takes longer to work, requiring several weeks of training, with a longer effective time. In recent years, some researchers have begun to use the method of tDCS combined with CT to regulate the cognitive function. This paper will sort out and summarize this topic from five aspects: perception, attention, working memory, decision-making and other cognitive abilities. Finally, the application prospect and challenges of technology are prospected.