A 15×20cm wound of full skin defects was made on the back of rabbits, then, a great number of 5% glucose liquid was ferfused rapidly. At the same time, the magnetotherapy was used in the research group. We found that the magnetic treatment can greatly prolong the survival time. The microscope, electrimicroscope and MRI examination were given to the hearts、brains、 lungs、 livers and kindlys of both group rabbits, the results showed that the tissue edema in control group was more severe than that in research g...
ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological characteristics and injury patterns of eye trauma in children and adolescents in China. MethodsA multicenter cross-sectional, retrospective, observational study. Based on the Chinese Eye Trauma Registry database, 189 patients (189 eyes) aged 0-18 years (13.4%, 189/1 412) of 1 412 patients (1 435 eyes) with eye trauma who were hospitalized from January to December 2023 were included in the study. Patients were recruited from 23 tertiary general hospitals or ophthalmology specialty hospitals located in 17 provincial-level administrative regions across six major geographical areas in China (North China, East China, South China, Central China, Northwest China, and Southwest China). The analysis focused on population characteristics, epidemiological features, injury patterns, and visual outcomes of children from different geographical regions and age groups. Among the 189 eyes, 95 eyes underwent secondary surgery. A total of 23 eyes were excluded due to non-cooperation during examination, no light perception, or only light perception. Ultimately, 72 eyes were included in the statistical analysis. Of these, 36 eyes had follow-up data and were used to observe postoperative visual outcomes. ResultsAmong 189 patients, 143 were males (75.7%, 143/189) and 46 were females (24.3%, 46/189). Age 8.73 (1-18) years old. The gender composition of all age groups was mainly male. The geographical distribution showed that East China had the largest number of cases, 55 (29.1%, 55/189). There were 70 cases (37.0%, 70/189) in 7-10 years old. The type analysis of eye trauma showed that in 189 eyes, mechanical ocular trauma accounted for 130 eyes, of which 105 (80.8%, 105/130) eyes had open globe injuries and 25 (19.2%, 25/130) eyes had closed globe injuries. 122 eyes received emergency surgery within 24 h after injury (accounts for 83.6% of emergency surgical cases, 122/146). In 36 eyes with complete follow-up data, the initial visual acuity distribution was: blind 23 eyes (63.9%), low visual acuity 6 eyes (16.7%), visual acuity ≥0.3 in 7 eyes (19.4%). At the last follow-up, visual acuity improved in 12 eyes (33.3%) with blindness, 8 eyes (22.2%) with low visual acuity, and 16 eyes (44.4%) with visual acuity ≥0.3. The final visual outcome showed that the disability rate was 22.2% (8/36) and the blindness rate was 33.3% (12/36). ConclusionsChildren and adolescents account for 13.4% of the hospitalized patients with eye trauma in the same period, and there is a significant gender difference (male accounted for 75.7%). There are obvious age-specific distribution rules in the causes, locations and clinical features of eye trauma in children and adolescents of different ages.
OBJECTIVE To observe the ultrastructural changes and number of satellite cells in different muscles with different denervation interval and investigate the mechanism of denervation atrophy. METHODS Muscles of different denervation interval were harvested, which were 6 biceps brachii and 6 abductor digiti minimi. The ultrastructure of the samples were observed under transmission electron microscope. The number of nucleus and satellite cells were counted to calculate the percentage content of satellite cells. RESULTS In early stage of denervation, the myofilament and sarcomere of the majority were well oriented. The nucleoli of some muscle cell nucleus were enlarged and pale. Vacuolarization was also seen in some mitochondria. There was no obvious proliferation of collagen fiber around myofibers. After denervation of half a year, rupture and disorientation of myofilament was seen. The nucleus became smaller, dark stained, and some of them were condensed. There was proliferation of fibroblasts, adipose cells and collagen fibers around myofibers. Motor endplate was not recognized one year after denervation. In the early stage of denervation, satellite cell percentage of the two muscles was relatively high. It then declined with time. One year after denervation, satellite cells were scarcely detected. Comparison of the curves for satellite cell declination in two muscles revealed that the declination of the abductor digiti minimi was faster than that of biceps brachii. Decrease of the former started 3 months after denervation, while the latter started after 6 months. CONCLUSION Disappearing of motor endplate and proliferation of collagen fibers are main factors that affect the treatment outcome in late cases. Decrease of satellite cell number is another cause. The correlation of less satellite cell in abductor digiti minimi and poorer recovery of hand intrinsic muscles indicates that increment of satellite cells in long-term denervated muscles may be one of the effective measures to improve treatment outcome.
Objective To review the recent development of extraplexal neurotization as a treatment for brachial plexus injuries. Methods Relevant literature was extensively reviewed.The new development, the advantages and disadvantages of extraplexal neurotization were comprehensively evaluated and analyzed. Results After many years of clinical research, great improvement in treatment of brachial plexus injuries was achieved. There were more donor nerves and better use of every donor nerve was made.Conclusion Extraplexal neurotization is an effective treatment for brachial plexus injuries.
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) on repairing transected sciatic nerves in rats. METHODS The animal models of the transected sciatic nerve of 40 SD rats were established, which divided into 4 groups: normal saline (NS) group, nerve growth factor (NGF) group, bFGF group and normal control group. The epineurium of the transected sciatic nerve was sutured under microscope, then bFGF or NGF was dropped into local sites and injected intramuscularly once a day for 30 days after operation. Functional repair for the transected sciatic nerves was studied by nerve conductive velocity (NCV) and sciatic nerve function index (SFI). RESULTS As a criterion, the level of the normal control group was regarded as zero, SFI of NS group, NGF group and bFGF group were -114.30 +/- 10.34, -70.50 +/- 11.01, -50.45 +/- 7.82 respectively at 1 month after operation, and they were -54.96 +/- 16.46, -35.21 +/- 10.80, -27.53 +/- 11.23 respectively in 3 months after operation. NCV of bFGF group was significantly faster than NS group and NGF group. CONCLUSION bFGF can significantly promote the functional repair of injured peripheral nerve, and its effects are better than NGF.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) on functional recovery after sciatic nerve injury. METHODS: Upon silicone-tubulization of transected sciatic nerve in 30 adult rats. Thirty rats were divided into two groups(SAL group and OECs group); saline and OECs were injected into the silicone chamber in SAL group and in OECs group respectively. The status of functional recovery of injured sciatic nerve was observed by electrophysiological analysis, axon morphometry analysis. RESULTS: In OECs group on the 30th and the 90th days after sciatic nerve transection: 1. The latent period of CMAP shortened by 0.60 ms and 0.56 ms; the nerve conduction velocity promoted by 6.42 m/s and 5.36 m/s; the amplitude enhanced by 3.92 mv and 5.84 mv, respectively; 2. The HRP positive cells in lateral nucleus of spinal anterior horn increased by 11.63% and 25.01%; 3. The number of nerve fibers increased by 1,047/mm2 and 1,422/mm2 and the thickness of myelim sheath increased by 0.43 micron and 0.63 micron, respectively. CONCLUSION: The olfactory ensheathing cells are capable of promoting the functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury.
ObjectiveThe total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) offers a palliation for the hemodynamic derangements associated with congenital heart lesions characterized by a single functional ventricle, but it may cause acute hepatic injury because of the special physiology. The objective of this study was to characterize hepatic function and its relationship to cardiac function in children who had undergone the Fontan procedure. MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 114 children who had undergone TCPC operation in Shanghai Children's Medical Center between January 2013 and March 2014. There were 65 males and 49 females with a median age of 3.8 years (range 2.5 to 13.2) and a median weight of 14.8 kg (range 12.0 to 33.0). The study cohort was further divided into three groups according to the Child-Pugh classification. The total scores were calculated regarding to ascite, bilirubin, albumin, and international normalized ratio (INR). The scores from 4 to 5 were classified in Child A group, from 6 to 8 classified in Child B group, from 9 to 11 classified in Child C group. Thirty-four patients met criteria for Child Class A, 53 patients for Child Class B, and 27 patients for Child Class C. The univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression model were used to compare demographic, anatomic, and physiological variables among the three groups. ResultsWithin the study population, 80 patients of Child B group and Child C group met criteria for acute hepatic injury. Univariate risk factors for acute hepatic injury included longer total bypass time (P=0.044), longer aortic cross-clamping time (P=0.005), longer ventilation time (P=0.000), higher postoperative mean pulmonary arterial pressure (P=0.000), elevated N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (P=0.001), higher vasoactive inotropic score (P=0.000), lower mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2, P=0.000) and arterial oxygen saturation (P=0.001), higher incidence of arrhythmia (P=0.000), and low cardiac output syndrome (P=0.003), the need of peritoneal dialysis (P=0.000). In the multivariable logistic model, the need for peritoneal dialysis (OR=17.018, 95%CI 5.117-56.602) and the lower postoperative SvO2 (OR=0.922, 95%CI 0.871-0.976) were two independent risk factors for acute hepatic injury after the TCPC. ConclusionThe need for peritoneal dialysis and lower postoperative SvO2 may represent the compound effects of multiple risk factors including preoperative hemodynamic and a marked hepatic vascular inflammatory response to surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass, which in turn may mediate acute hepatic injury.
OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of interleukin-1 receptor in normal mice sciatic nerves and in transected sciatic nerves treated with or without extrinsic interleukin-1 locally at different periods. METHODS: Seventy-two KM mice were equally divided into two groups. All the left sciatic nerves were transected. The stumps in experimental group were soaked in liquid with interleukin-1, whereas those in control group without interleukin-1. Then all the stumps were repaired end to end. At the 3rd hour, 1st day, 3rd day, 7th day, 14th day, and 28th day after operation respectively, every proximal stump was dissected and the expression of interleukin-1 receptor was carried out by immunohistochemistry method (LSAB method). The expression level of interleukin-1 of ten normal sciatic nerves of mice was studied, too. RESULTS: Normal nerves showed interleukin-1 receptor expression on the membrane of Schwann cells. After nerve injury, the interleukin-1 receptor expression increased biphasically in both groups, but the intensity of increase was lower in the experimental group than in the control group. CONCLUSION: Schwann cell is the target cell of interleukin-1.
Objective To evaluate the expressive varieties of Nogo-A mRNA in injured optic nerves of rats. Methods Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method was used to hemi-quantitatively analyze the levels of Nogo-A mRNA in the optic nerves 3, 7, 9, 15, 21, and 25 days respectively after injury.Results The level of the expression of Nogo-A mRNA was low in the normal optic nerves, while it was significantly high in the optic nerves 3 days after in jury, and kept the high level still after 25 days.Conclusion The expression of Nogo-A mRNA in injured optic nerves is increased. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2003，19：201-268)
Objective To analyze the causes of injury-related deaths of permanent residents in Zigong city, so as to provide scientific references for the prevention and control of injury deaths and for putting forward to relevant health policies as well. Methods Based on the death surveillance data of Zigong from 2001 to 2009, following indicators were analyzed, such as cause specific mortality, age specific mortality and potential years of life lost (PYLL). Results An accumulative total of 10 957 people died of injury from 2001 to 2009, and the crude mortality was 38.13/100 thousands, while the standardized mortality was 36.07/100 thousands. The highest mortality was at the age of more than 65 years of age. The first six injury death causes were as follows: drowning, transport accidents except motor vehicle, suicide, motor vehicle accidents, accidental falling and accidental poisoning. The PYLL of injury death was 334 325.50 person year, APYLL was 34.67 year, and the PYLL rate was 11.63‰ which was higher in male than that of female. Conclusion The epidemiological analysis of injury-related deaths shows an ascending trend, which is the main reason resulting in the loss of residents’ life. Injury has become one of the most serious problems of public health, and it should be prevented and controlled by formulating effective measures and strategies aiming at the injury death spectrum and the target population of Zigong city.