ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the association between human leukocyte antigen DQ (HLA-DQ) gene rs2856718A>G, rs9275572A>G polymorphisms and the risk of chronic hepatitis B. MethodsPubMed, EMbase, CBM, WanFang Data, CNKI and VIP databases were systematically searched from inception to April 2015 to collect case-control studies about HLA-DQ gene polymorphisms and the risk of chronic hepatitis B. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Then, meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software, and Stata 12.0 software was used for sensitivity and publication bias analysis. ResultsA total of 6 papers involving 8 case-control studies were included, which involved 3 690 cases and 6 267 controls. The results of meta-analysis showed that:the rs2856718A>G polymorphism was associated with the decreased risk of chronic hepatitis B (AG+GG vs. AA:OR=0.63, 95%CI 0.51 to 0.78, P=0.000; GG vs. AG+AA:OR=0.69, 95%CI 0.61 to 0.79, P=0.000; GG vs. AA:OR=0.56, 95%CI 0.48 to 0.64, P=0.000; GA vs. AA:OR=0.64, 95%CI 0.47 to 0.88, P=0.006; G vs. A:OR=0.74, 95%CI 0.68 to 0.79, P=0.000). The rs9275572A>G polymorphism was not associated with the risk of chronic hepatitis B (AG+GG vs. AA:OR=1.11, 95%CI 0.55 to 2.23, P=0.770; GG vs. AG+AA:OR=1.10, 95%CI 0.84 to 1.45, P=0.500; GG vs. AA:OR=1.14, 95%CI 0.54 to 2.41, P=0.730; AG vs. AA:OR=1.06, 95%CI 0.56 to 2.02, P=0.860; G vs. A:OR=1.11, 95%CI 0.83 to 1.48, P=0.490). ConclusionHLA-DQ gene rs2856718 A>G polymorphism is significantly associated with decreased risk of chronic hepatitis B, but the rs9271319 A>G polymorphism is not associated with the risk of chronic hepatitis B.