Objective To observe the characteristics of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) for leakage point in acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Methods A total of 21 acute CSC patients (21 eyes) were enrolled in this retrospective study, including 17 men (17 eyes) and 4 women (5 eyes). The mean age was (47.3±8.8) years (range 35 - 66 years). The mean duration was (1.6±0.8) months (range 0.5 - 3.0 months). All patients were underwent mydriatic fundus photography, SD-OCT examination and fluorescein fundus angiography (FFA). SD-OCT and FFA images were carefully compared to observe the SD-OCT examination characteristics of fluorescence leakage point. Results 21/21 eyes had one fluorescein leakage point. In addition to serous retinal detachment, leakage point in the SD-OCT examination showed retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) protrusion in 10 eyes (47.6％), RPE detachment in 7 eyes (33.3％), highly re?ective areas suggesting ?brinous exudate in the subretinal space in 3 eyes (14.3％), and RPE defect in 1 eye (4.8％). Conclusion The SD-OCT characteristics of acute CSC include RPE protrusion, RPE detachment, highly re?ective areas suggesting ?brinous exudate in the subretinal space and RPE defect.
Objective To observe the clinical and imaging features of non-arteriotic central retinal artery occlusion (NA-CRAO) with internal boundary membrane detachment (ILMD), and to analyze its relationship with visual prognosis. MethodsA retrospective clinical study. A total of 88 patients with NA-CRAO hospitalized in Department of Ophtalmology, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital) from January 2014 to June 2023 were included in the study. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fluorescein fundus angiography (FFA) were performed. The BCVA test used the international standard visual acuity chart, which was statistically converted to the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) visual acuity. OCT observed the presence of ILMD and the thickening of the inner retina and the disappearance of anatomical stratification. FFA recorded arm-retinal circulation time (A-Rct) and retinal arterion-distal filling time (FT), and observed ciliary retinal artery, fluorescein retrograde filling, cotton spots, luciferin nodal filling, macular non-perfusion, capillary fluorescein leakage, optic disc strong fluorescence, choroidal background weak fluorescence and other characteristics. According to whether there was ILMD, the patients were divided into ILMD group and non-ILMD group, with 44 cases and 44 eyes respectively. The two groups received the same treatment. The follow-up time was 30 days after treatment. The clinical, FFA characteristics and BCVA before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. t-test was used for comparison between groups. ResultsIn ILMD group and non-ILMD group, there were 43 cases of male and 1 case of female, respectively, and the proportion of male was significantly higher than that of female. Before and after treatment, the logMAR BCVA of ILMD group and non-ILMD group were 2.35±0.42, 2.01±0.46, 1.47±0.60, 0.77±0.49, respectively. There were significant differences in logMAR BCVA between the two groups before and after treatment (t=8.025, 12.358; P＜0.001). Before treatment, A-Rct and FT in ILMD group were longer than those in non-ILMD group, and the difference was statistically significant (t=3.052, 3.385; P＜0.05). After treatment, there was no significant difference (t=1.040, 1.447; P＞0.05). The proportion of ciliary retinal artery and cotton plaque in ILMD group was lower than that in non-ILMD group. There was no significant difference in ciliary retinal artery between the two groups (χ2=－0.961, P＞0.05), but there was a significant difference in cotton wool plaque between the two groups (χ2=－3.364, P＜0.05). Compared to the non-ILMD group, The proportion of retrograde fluorescein filling in retinal artery (χ2=－2.846), segment filling (χ2=－3.907), macular non-perfusion (χ2=－6.656), capillary fluorescein leakage (χ2=－4.367), optic disc strong fluorescence (χ2=－3.525) and choroidal background weak fluorescence (χ2=－2.276) increased, the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). ConclusionsIn patients with NA-CRAO, compared with those without ILMD, those with ILMD have more severe retinal ischemia and worse BCVA before and after treatment. ILMD is one of the poor prognostic markers of NA-CRAO vision.
ObjectiveTo observe the multimodal imaging characteristics of eyes with peripheral retinoschisis secondary to familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR). MethodsA retrospective case observation study. Eighteen patients (36 eyes) diagnosed with FEVR combined with peripheral retinoschisis at the Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University from January 2022 to August 2025 were enrolled. All eyes underwent ultra-widefield fundus imaging (UWFI), swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) and swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA); 14 eyes received fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA). The VG200D SS-OCT and SS-OCTA system [Vivid View Imaging (Henan) Co., Ltd.] was adopted for examination. Clear and typical linear B-scan images were stored for analysis, and the imaging manifestations of peripheral lesions were observed. The mean follow-up duration was 18 months. ResultsUWFI examination showed that the retina in the temporal or inferotemporal retinal schisis area of all affected eyes presented with a grayish-white, veil-like translucent appearance. No obvious hemorrhage or neovascularization was observed in the lesion area, although vascular dilation presenting a honeycomb-like appearance was seen in 8 eyes. SS-OCT examination revealed that the 36 eyes could be categorized into three types based on the extent and morphology of schisis: mild schisis (12 eyes), characterized by scattered, small optically empty spaces between the retinal layers; grid-like schisis (16 eyes), characterized by enlarged schisis cavities containing fine vertical hyperreflective strands, with band-like posterior vitreous cortical traction above; and spoke-like proliferative schisis (8 eyes), characterized by thickened spoke-like hyperreflective strands within the cavities, some of which appeared disrupted, with schisis involving the full thickness of the retina. Among the 14 eyes receiving FFA, 6 eyes had no abnormal fluorescence staining or leakage of retinal vessels in schisis areas; 8 eyes with severe vitreous traction and extensive retinoschisis displayed patchy multifocal hyperfluorescence in early phase and confluent diffuse hyperfluorescence in late phase. On SS-OCTA, dilated vascular structures within schisis lesions could be detected in eyes with severe retinoschisis besides intrinsic vascular abnormalities of FEVR. ConclusionsPeripheral retinoschisis in FEVR presents progressive morphological changes. Characteristic temporal gauze-like gray-white retinal lesions can be observed, with vascular dilatation and late fluorescence leakage in severe cases. Ultra-widefield SS-OCT clearly visualizes retinal laminar structure and vitreoretinal traction. Combining multiple imaging modalities such as UWFI, FFA and SS-OCTA, it can comprehensively present the imaging characteristics of this type of lesion at different levels.