Objective To systematically review the medical supplies inventory required for flood disaster rescue from the perspective of disaster nursing, thereby providing a reference for enhancing the scientific allocation of medical resources in flood response. Methods A systematic search was conducted across both Chinese and English databases, including China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, VIP Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, and CINAHL, for literature published between the inception of each database and November 3, 2025, on the allocation of medical supplies for flood disaster rescue. Based on the 2019 edition of International Council of Nurses’ core competencies for disaster nursing, evidence on flood rescue supplies was extracted and summarized across eight dimensions: planning and preparation, communication, disaster management, safety assurance, assessment, intervention, recovery, and legal and ethical issues. Results A total of 34 articles were included, and the following four major types of materials required for medical rescue in floods were obtained: medical supplies, such as disinfection and sterilization products, auxiliary tools, and anti-microbial and parasitic medicine products; communication equipment, such as satellite phones, fixed phones, and mobile phones; personal protective equipment, such as protective suits, goggles, and protective masks; assessment and classification tools, such as stethoscopes, identification wristbands, and assessment classification cards. Conclusions Based on the evidence-based method, the inventory of medical rescue supplies for flood disasters was summarized, providing a scientific basis for formulating guidelines on medical rescue supplies for flood disasters. This is conducive to medical and health institutions making adequate material preparations for flood disasters and is of great significance for improving the efficiency of medical rescue and reducing casualties among medical rescue personnel.