Objective To explore the effect of kidney transplantation on chronic prostatitis-like symptoms. Methods A total of 300 male renal transplant recipients between January 2015 and January 2017 were collected in the study. All recipients received the questionnaire survey of the National Institute of Health-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) preoperatively and at 3 months after transplantation. The score and relevant risk factors were statistically analyzed. Results A total of 210 recipients (70.0%) completed questionnaire effectively, in whom 150 (71.4%) had preoperative and 90 (42.9%) had postoperative chronic prostatitis-like symptoms, respectively. In the 210 patients, the preoperative and postoperative pain score was 6.57±3.12 vs. 3.57±3.16 (P<0.001), voiding score was 3.71±2.38vs. 3.29±2.66 (P=0.116), quality of life score was 7.57±1.60 vs. 5.14±2.75 (P<0.001), and the total NIH-CPSI score was 17.86±3.81vs. 12.00±6.65 (P<0.001), respectively. The severity of chronic prostatitis-like symptoms was alleviated significantly after kidney transplantation. Conclusion Kidney transplantation can alleviate the chronic prostatitis-like symptoms significantly, and improve the quality of life in uremia patients.