Objective To observe the findings of indocyanine green angiography(ICGA) and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) of the patients with multifocal posterior pigment epitheliopathy(MPPE). Methods ICGA and FFA were performed in 6 cases(7 eyes)of MPPE and the findings were analysed and compared between these examinations. Results Five cases(5 eyes)were found to be in the active stage of the disease under FFA,and among them 4 eyes(80%)showed delayed choroidal perfusion at the early stage of ICGA.During the active stage of the disease,ICGA showed leakage relative to FFA leakage,and there were diffuse hyperfluorescence around the points of leakages as well as in the posterior pole of ocular fundus．In convulescence,although FFA revealed no obvious leakage,ICGA still denoted the presence of leakages. Conclusions MPPE was considered to be the more serious type of central serous chorioretinopathy showing the same but more extensive ICGA abnormality. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,2000，16：6-8)
Objective To evaluate the morphological changes of retinal neuroepithelium of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) by Fourierdomain optical coherence tomography(FD-OCT). Methods FD-OCT scan was performed on 92 eyes of 88 patients with CSC. The CSC diagnosis was established by international visual acuity chart, slit-lamp microscope, direct/indirect ophthalmoscope, fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA). 6 mm horizontal line OCT scan was performed utilizing the infrared light emitted by diode, the scan depth was 2 mm with a 6 mmtimes;6 mm transverse area. The vertical and horizontal resolution was 5 mu;m and 18 mu;m respectively. The scan mode was 512times;128. Results The uplift of retinal neuroepithelium, separation or abnormal band of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) were found in all eyes. There were 83 eyes (90.22%) of pigment epithelial detachment (PED), 68 eyes (73.91%) of nodular protruding of RPE, 5 eyes (5.43%) of localized RPE defects in the PED lesion, 36 eyes (39.14%) of dust-like reflects in the subretinal space and 59 eyes (64.14%) of granular deposits in the subretinal space. Conclusion Fourier-domain OCT scans can detect detailed morphologic changes in the retina of CSC patients.
Purpose To investigate the pattern of subretinal neovascular membrane(SRNVM)in central exudative chorioretinitis(CEC). Methods With the help of a PC microcomputer,we performed a quantitative measurement of SRNVM in 32 eyes of 32 patients with Rieger is CEC. Results SRNVM-optic disc area ratio were 0.1151plusmn;0.0842．The foveola was on the top of SRNVM in 7 cases．The other 25 of SRNVMs were scattered in macular area around foveola,and 2 of them were nasal to it．The distance between the edge of SRNVM and foveola was less than 175mu;m in 13 cases,175～300mu;m in 4 cases and more than 300mu;m in 15 cases． Conclusion To be compared with the previous data,the present results suggested that laser photocoagulation might be one of the most important therapies for SRNVM in Rieger is CEC． (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1998,14:114-115)
Objective To compare the characteristics of fundus angiograms of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) with exudative agerelated macular degeneration (AMD) in patients more than 45. Methods The colorized photographs of ocular fundus, and results of fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) of 32 patients (39 eyes) with CSC and 20 patients (22 eyes) with exudative AMD more than 45 were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Results In 39 eyes with CSC, the results of FFA revealed classic CSC in 11 (28.2％) and diffuse retinal pigment epitheliopathy (DRPE) in 28 (71.8％); the results of ICGA showed localized choroidal delayed filling associated with dilated vessels in 39 (100％) in the early phase, choroidal hyperpermeability in 39 (100％), identifiable hyperfluorescence of leakage from RPE in 16 (41.0％) was observed in the middle phase, and a distinctive silhouetting of the larger choroidal vessels in 5 (12.8％) was detected in the late phase. In 22 eyes with exudative AMD without evident hemorrage, the results of ICGA exhibited focal CNV in 13 (59.1％), plaque CNV in 8 (36.4%), and combination CNV in 1 (4.5%)；choroidal delayed filling around macular region vicariously was found in 5 (22.7％) in the early phase, choroidal hyperpermeability was not observed in the middle phase and silhouetting of the larger choroidal vessels was not showed in the late phase. Conclusions The differences of the ICGA features between CSC and exudative AMD in patients more than 45 include focal or multifocal hyperfluorescence of leakage from RPE, multifocal choroidal hyperpermeability in the middle phase, silhouetting of the larger choroidal vessels in the late phase, and no focal or plaque CNV.
Objective To investigate the relationship between the level of testosterone and estradiol in serum and central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).Methods The clinical data of 200 patients with active phase CSC who diagnosed by clinical manifestation, examination of fundus and fluorescence fundus angiography (FFA), were retrospectively analyzed. Two hundreds healthy people were collected as a control group. The blood of ulnar vein was collected and the method of magnetic homogeneous enzyme immunoassay was used to detect the level of testosterone and estradiol in serum of two groups. The results were analyzed statistically by t test.Results The values of testosterone and estradiol of male were all higher in CSC group than that in control group，the differences were statistical significance（t=2.804，2.913；P=0.010，0.008）；it was also higher in female（t=2.078，2.807；P=0.049，0.010）. The value of testosterone/estradiol of male was higher than that of female in CSC group，the difference was statistical significance(t=2.231，P=0.046).Conclusions The level of testosterone and estradiol in serum of CSC group increased obviously, especially the value of testosterone/estradiol. The increase of estradiol and testosterone/estradiol may be an etiological factor of CSC.
Objective To analyze the characteristics of images of fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).Methods We observed the positions of leakage spots of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and analyzed their characteristics in 598 CSC patients. The ages, visual acuty, detachment areas of sensory retina, and leakage patterns of RPE were recorded and the correlation of them were analyzed. Results The leakage concentrated in the posterior pole, which occurred more frequently in the superior quadrant, nosal quadrant, and near fovea regions than in the inferior quadrant,temporal quadrant, and far regions from fovea, respectively (chi;2=67.13,20.93, 212.715; Plt;0.01).We found that there were relations between the ages of patients and the patterns of the leakage. A total of 35 patients (54.7% out of 64) at the age of ge;50 had small leakage; 82 patients (53.2% out of 154) at the age of 35-39 had diffusing leakage. Smaller retinal detachment in patients with multiple serous leakage and bigger retinal detachment area in patients with single serous leakage were found; no statistical significance was found (F=1.925,Pgt;0.05). There was negative correlation between the visual acuity and the detachment area in CSC patients (t=-0.335,Plt;0.01), and there was no correlation between the visual acuity and the distances from the leakage spots to the fovea (t=-0.029, -0.145;Pgt;0.05).Conclusion The leakages occurs in various regions whose difference is significant; the patterns of leakage are related to the ages; there is no relation between the serous retinal detachment area and the number of the leakage.
Objective To assess the effectiveness of transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) for the treatment of central exudative chorioretinopathy. Methods Tweenty-nine eyes with central exudative chorioretinopathy were treated with Iris 810 nm diode laser TTT. The laser beam size was 1.0, 2.0 or 3.0 mm with power settings between 80-300 mW and treatment time 60 sec. The follow up periods were wihzin 4-40 weeks. The therapeutic effect was accessed by visual acuity examination,dinect ophthalmoscopy and fluorescein or indocyanine green angiography. Results The visual acuity improved in 8 eyes (28%), remained no change in 19 eyes (65%) and decreased in 2 eyes (7%). Choroidal neovascularization were closed in 12 eyes in fundus angiography. The symptoms alleviated in 10 patients. Conclusion Transpupillary thermotherapy is a potential treatment for the central exudative chorioretinopathy. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2002, 18: 184-186)
Objective To asses the potential of a new imaging technique,opticl coherence tomography(OCT),for diagnosis and monitoring of central serous choroidoretinopathy(CSC). Methods Thirty cases (32eyes) with CSC were examined by ophthalmoscopy, fundus fluorescein angiography and OCT. Some patients were monitored by OCT. Results Among images of OCT in 32 eyes with CSC, 27 eyes showed serous neurosensory detachement,2 eyes appeared retinal pigment epithelial detachement and 3 eyes combined neurosensory detachement with pigment epithelial detachement.Monitoring images of OCT in ll eyes revealed absorption of serous fluid and decrease of neurosensory detachment． Conclusions OCT is potentially useful as a new and noninvasive diagnostic technique for quantitative examination of patients with CSC and objectively monitoring the clinical course of the serous retinal detachement in this disease. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 1999, 15: 131-134)
Objective To compare difference of the cross-sectional pathological imaging and quantitative measurement of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) between time- and fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods Consecutive 26 patients (26 eyes) with unilaterial CSC were subsumed. Bilateral eyes of all the patients underwent time- and fourier-domain OCT. Horizontal and vertical line scanning and radial six-line scanning protocols were used for timedomain OCT examination; horizontal and vertical high resolution five-line scanning and macular cube scanning protocols were used for fourier-domain OCT examination. The characteristics of OCT images, retinal segmentation and the quantitative measurement were compared between these two methods. Results Fourier-domain OCT could yield the three-dimensional images of surface of inner limiting membrane (ILM) and RPE. The band of external limiting membrane (ELM) of normal subjects and CSC patients, and the inner segment and outer segment (IS/OS) of normal subjects could be clearly shown by fourier-domain OCT. However, the band of IS/OS disappeared in 65.4% of the CSC patients. The outer boundary of retina was defined in front of the retinal pigmental epithelia (RPE) by fourier-domain OCT. The foveal thickness of normal subjects and CSC patients was (180.50plusmn;12.69) and (158.41plusmn;34.20) mu;m, respevtively. The height of detachment of neural epithelial layer was (245.84plusmn;154.61) mu;m measured by fourier-domain OCT. The band of IS/OS of normal subjects could be clearly shown by time-domain OCT. However, the band of IS/OS disappeared in 73.4% of the CSC patients, which showed no difference with fourier-domain OCT (Z=-0.108, P=0.914). The outer boundary of retina was defined in front of the IS/OS band by OCT. The foveal thickness of normal subjects was (141.16plusmn;12.75) mu;m, which was thinner than that measured by fourier-domain OCT (t=20.671，P=0.000). The foveal thickness and the height of detachment of neural epithelial layer was (146.40plusmn;36.28) mu;m and (240.32plusmn;156.82) mu;m measured by time-domain OCT, respectively, which showed no significant difference with which measured by fourier-domain OCT (t value was from 0.026 to 1.517, P value was from 0.144 to 0.980). Conclusions Fourier-domain OCT yields better visualization of intraretinal layers and more accurate definition of outer boundary of retina than time-domain OCT. Thus the measurements by fourier-domain OCT were more accurate. Moreover, three-dimensional images of CSC shown by fourier-domain OCT enable the comprehensive observation of pathological morphology and location.