Objective To systematically review the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and prognosis of fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus (F1DM) in China. Methods The CNKI, WanFang Data, CBM and PubMed databases were searched to collect Chinese F1MD case reports from January 1, 2000 to March 30, 2022. Data analysis was performed using Stata 16.0 software and RevMan 5.3 software. Results A total of 874 cases were included in 233 papers, involving 410 males (46.91%) and 464 females (53.09%). The age of onset was 29.32±1.09 years and the course of disease was 3.74±0.63 days. The BMI was 21.18±0.52 kg/m2, HbA1c was 6.58%±0.08%, the level of fasting C-peptide was 0.04±0.010 ng/mL, level of C-peptide 2 h after meal was 0.09±0.020 ng/mL, the level of blood glucose at the doctor’s office was 34.72±2.89 mmol/L, and the level of arterial blood gas pH was 7.09±0.015. Among them, 734 patients had diabetic ketoacidosis (84.55%), 496 patients had infection of the upper respiratory or digestive tract before onset (56.75%), 4 patients died (0.46%), 78 patients were GADA positive, 11 patients were ICA positive, 13 patients were IAA positive, and 109 were pregnant patients (90 fetal deaths, 82.57%). Conclusion Chinese F1DM is a special but common subtype of diabetes. Its characteristics include a relatively young age of onset, devastating islet damage, and rapid progression, and it is often accompanied by severe metabolic disorders, complications, and grim prognosis. Clinicians should pay more attention to F1DM.