ObjectiveTo explore the levels of serum glucose and insulin secretion function in people with different educational background of normal glucose tolerance and to investigate its relationship with educational levels. MethodsWe had telephone connections with normal fast glucose people who did health examination from January 2007 to January 2011, then the 75 g oral glucose tolerance test was performed and the level of insulin were measured. A total of 340 people with normal glucose tolerance who completed our examination and answered a questionnaire on lifestyle were included in our study. They were divided into three groups according to their educational levels. The levels of plasma glucose and insulin were measured in 92 high educational level participants, 68 middle educational level participants and 70 low educational level participants. We calculated homevstasis model assessment (HOMA)-S, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-β and compared differences between the three groups. ResultsWith the decline of educational levels, fasting plasma glucose, body mass index (BMI), fasting insulin, postprandial insulin, HOMA-β, and HOMA-IR gradually increased, while HOMA-S gradually decreased. The level of BMI, fasting insulin and HOMA-IR in high educational level group were significantly lower than those in low educational level group. The level of BMI, HOMA-IR in middle educational level group were significantly lower than those in low educational level group (P<0.05). Correlation analysis indicated that level of fasting plasma glucose was related to age, BMI, and educational levels. ConclusionWith the decline of educational levels, BMI and HOMA-IR increase, and HOMA-S decreases, which indicates that they already have differences in glucose metabolism and insulin secretion function in people with normal glucose tolerance, presaging that in the future the proportion of development of diabetes in the low educational level may increase.
【摘要】 目的 調查成都地區2型糖尿病患者糖耐量正常一級親屬的代謝狀態及與胰島素抵抗、胰島β細胞功能的相關性。 方法 2007年7-9月共納入糖耐量正常的一級親屬312例（NGT-FDR組），無家族史的正常對照1 348例（NGT-C組）。測量兩組血壓、體重、腰圍；檢測口服葡萄糖耐量試驗（OGTT）中0、0.5、2 h血糖、胰島素水平；測定空腹血脂；計算體重指數、HOMA-胰島素抵抗指數（HOMA-IR）、胰島β細胞功能指數（HOMA-β），β細胞早相分泌功能指數（△I30/△G30），并比較兩組間上述指標的差異和代謝綜合征（MS）及其各組分的發病情況。 結果 ①NGT-FDR組MS發生率高于NGT-C組，發生MS的風險是后者的1.737倍。NGT-FDR組高甘油三酯血癥（hypertriglyceridemia，HTG）、空腹血糖偏高（5.6~6.0 mmol/L）的發生率高于NGT-C組，合并4種及以上代謝異常的幾率亦高于NGT-C組（Plt;0.05）；②年齡lt;40歲的NGT-FDR中心性肥胖、HTG、空腹血糖偏高和MS均高于同年齡對照；男性NGT-FDR空腹血糖偏高和MS發病率高于男性對照（Plt;0.05）；③腰圍、收縮壓（SBP）、空腹血糖（FBG）、甘油三酯（TG）及糖尿病家族史同HOMA-IR呈正相關。腰圍、SBP、TG及糖尿病家族史同HOMA-β呈正相關，FBG則同HOMA-β呈負相關。 結論 2型糖尿病糖耐量正常一級親屬比無家族史的對照表現出更多的代謝異常，尤其是在年齡lt;40歲及男性中。各種代謝異常可加重胰島素抵抗，影響胰島基礎分泌功能。故有必要對糖耐量正常的一級親屬進行各項代謝指標的監測和早期預防性干預。【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the metabolic status of the normal glucose-tolerant first-degree relatives (NGT-FDR) of type-2 diabetic patients and its relationship with insulin resistance (IR) and β-cell function in Chengdu area. Methods From July to September 2007, a total of 312 NGT-FDR of type-2 diabetic patients and 1 348 normal glucose tolerant controls without positive family history of diabetes (NGT-C) were enrolled in this study. Blood pressure, weight, waists, plasma glucose at hour 0, 1/2 and 2 in oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), insulin levels and fasting blood lipids were measured. Body mass index (BMI), HOMA-IR, HOMA-β and the early insulin secreting index (△I30/△G30) were calculated. Then, we compared the above-mentioned data and the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MS) between the two groups. Results ①The incidence of MS, hypertriglyceridemia (HTG), higher fasting blood glucose (FBG) (5.6-6.0 mmol/L) in the NGT-FDR group were all significantly higher than those in the NGT-C group. The risk of developing MS in the NGT-FDR group was 1.737 times as high as that in the NGT-C group. Furthermore, the incidence of 4 or more than 4 co-existent metabolic disorders in the NGT-FDR group was also significantly higher than that in the NGT-C group (Plt;0.05); ②For subjects less than 40 years old, the incidence of central obesity, HTG, higher FBG and MS in the NGT-FDR group were all higher than those in the NGT-C group. In male subjects, the rates of higher FBG and MS were all significantly higher in the NGT-FDR group than those in the NGT-C group. (Plt;0.05); ③Waists, FBG, systolic blood pressure (SBP), triglycerides (TG) and diabetic family history were positively correlated with HOMA-IR. Waists, SBP, TG and diabetic family history were positively correlated with HOMA-β. Conclusion NGT-FDR present significantly increased metabolic disorders than NGT controls, especially in the less than 40-year-old and the male subjects. The metabolic disorders can aggravate insulin resistance and influence islet β-cell secretion function, so it is necessary to monitor the metabolic status of the NGT-FDR of type-2 diabetic patients and provide early preventive interventions.