ObjectiveTo explore the value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). MethodWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 110 patients with surgical pathology confirmed GISTs between January 2008 and December 2013. All the patients underwent routine ultrasound examination. Thirty-two patients accepted oral contrast enhanced bowel ultrasonography, and 5 patients underwent trans-rectal ultrasound (TRUS). ResultsA total of 107 cases were detected out of the 110 cases of GISTs by ultrasonography, and the other three cases were missed. Among the 107 cases, 104 were shown to be masses, and 3 had thick gastric or intestinal walls. Among the 104 masses, hypo-echoic lesions were found in 73, heterogeneous lesions were found in 25, and hyper-echoic lesions were found in 6; 30 cases of tumor were less than 5 cm in diameter, 54 were between 5 cm to 10 cm in diameter, and 20 were longer than 10 cm in diameter (including 5 were longer than 20 cm in diameter). In the 107 cases, 12 were found to have liver metastasis, 4 were detected to have abdominal lymph node enlargement, and 3 had ascites. Surgery and pathological results showed that among the 110 cases of gastrointestinal stromal tumors, 91 developed from the stomach and intestine and the other 19 were extra-gastrointestinal stromal tumors; 72 were at high risk, 21medium risk, and 17 low risk. ConclusionsThe detection rate of GISTs by ultrasonography is high, but the quantitative and qualitative diagnosis ability should be raised.
【摘要】 目的 用高頻超聲對正常女性乳腺健康體檢，探討其在臨床及乳腺普查方面的應用價值。 方法 對2006年1月－2009年12月間7 532例健康女性乳腺體檢聲像圖進行分析，并對各年齡段的乳腺病變超聲結果分布情況進行統計。 結果 共檢出乳腺病變2 861例（37.98%），正常者4 671例（62.02%）。所有受檢者中，囊性病變1 904例（25.28%），實性病變944 例（12.53%），混合性病變13例（0.17%），伴有副乳者692例。囊性病變及實性病變單側多于雙側，混合性病變均為單側。常見病中，囊性病變多于實性病變，發病年齡分布在20～30歲及31～40歲年齡段。 結論 高頻超聲作為女性乳腺疾病的一種常規檢查，能對乳腺占位性疾病提供較為準確的診斷，對乳腺癌早期發現、早期診斷、早期治療提供一種科學依據。【Abstract】 Objective To explore the clinical value of high-frequency sonography for normal clinical breast examination in breast screening. Methods From January 2006 to December 2009, 7 532 healthy women underwent breast sonography. The results of sonography in the individuals with different ages were statistically analyzed. Results Breast lesions were found in 2 861 cases (37.98%) and the other 4 671 were healthy. Among all of the individuals, 1 904 cases (25.28%) had cystic lesions, 944 (12.53%) had solid lesions and 13 (0.17%) had mixed lesions. There were 692 cases of accessory mammary tissue. Unilateral cystic nodules and solid nodules were more common than bilateral ones, whereas mixed nodules were usually sunilaterally. Cystic nodules were more common than solid nodules. Most common onset of breast lesions is in the individuals with the age of 20-30 and 31-40 years. Conclusion High-frequency sonography, as an examination for normal clinical breast screening provides more accurate diagnosis and early detection of breast lesions, which can provide scientific evidence for early detection, diagnosis and treatment for breast cancer.
目的：通過超聲對185例腎上腺腫瘤診斷及漏診、誤診病例分析，尋找影響腎上腺腫瘤超聲漏診及誤診的因素。 方法：本文回顧性分析185例腎上腺腫瘤超聲與病理的資料，對超聲漏診和誤診原因進行了分類、歸納和總結。結果：通過185例腎上腺腫瘤的超聲檢查，超聲診斷出腎上腺病變122例，診斷正確率65.95%，明顯低于相關文獻報道，漏診57例，誤診6例。漏誤診率(34.05%)，明顯高于相關文獻報道，綜合分析其病理及影像學資料，將漏誤診原因歸納為五種：①左側腎上腺腫瘤；②小于2.0 cm的腫瘤；③混合性回聲的腫瘤；④臨床及超聲醫師對腎上腺腫瘤認識不足；⑤誤診的主要原因是由于腫瘤巨大，造成定位困難。結論：通過對腎上腺腫瘤漏診及誤診分析，可以提高超聲診斷的準確性，降低漏誤診率。
ObjectiveTo evaluate the diagnostic value of ultrasound for gallbladder carcinoma (GA), in order to improve the ability of early ultrasonic and clinical diagnosis of GA. MethodsWe analyzed and compared the clinical data and ultrasonic results of 42 GA cases confirmed by surgery and pathology between January 2008 and December 2013, and summarized the classification, ultrasonographic features, and diagnosis of GA. ResultsAmong the 42 cases, 25 were correctly diagnosed by ultrasound (59.5%), among which 9 were thick-wall type, 11 were protrusion type and 5 were solid type. Seventeen cases were misdiagnosed (40.5%). Pathological results showed 14 cases of highly-differentiated adenocarcinoma, 16 of moderately differentiaed adenocarcinoma, 9 of poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma, 2 of squamous adenocarcinoma and 1 of neuroendocrine carcinoma. ConclusionUltrasound is the preferred method for the diagnosis of GA because of its convenience, although the diagnostic accuracy is still not good and more efforts should be done.
【摘要】 目的 比較腸充盈超聲檢查法與常規經腹超聲檢查法在結直腸腫瘤中的診斷價值。 方法 對2008年6月-2009年6月64例經臨床病理確診的結直腸腫瘤患者分別經腹常規超聲及腸充盈超聲檢查。在腸充盈狀態下觀察病變的形態，對病變進行定位并觀察結直腸腫瘤的彩色多普勒血流信號。比較腸充盈超聲檢查法及常規經腹超聲檢查法在結直腸腫瘤的檢出、定位和顯示血流的能力的差異。 結果 常規經腹部超聲檢查發現32例結直腸腫瘤（32/64），病灶敏感性為50%； 腸充盈超聲檢查法發現病灶55例（55/64）， 病灶敏感性為85.9%。經腹常規超聲檢查的定位準確率為21.9%（7/32），腸充盈超聲檢查法對結直腸腫瘤的定位準確率為89.1%（49/55）。兩種方法比較差異有統計學的意義（Plt;0.05）。 結論 腸充盈超聲檢查法在結直腸腫瘤的病變敏感性檢出、定位準確性等方面優于經腹常規超聲檢查；而不同病理類型的結直腸腫瘤具有不同的超聲聲像圖特征。【Abstract】 Objective To compare the diagnostic value between intraluminal contrast-enhanced hydrocolon ultrasonography and conventional transabdominal ultrasonography for of colorectal neoplasms. Methods The conventional transabdominal ultrasonography and hydrocolonic ultrasonography using an intraluminal contrast agent were performed on 62 patients from June 2008 to June 2009. The morphological features and location of the lesion were observed and the blood flow signals were observed. The different diagnostic value between conventional transabdominal ultrasonography and intraluminal contrast-enhanced hydrocolon ultrasonography was compared. Results The sensitivity of the intraluminal contrast-enhanced hydrocolon ultrasonography in the depiction of the colorectal neoplasms (55/64, 85.9%) was higher than that of the conventional transabdominal ultrasonography (32/64, 50%, Plt;0.05). And the accuracy of the intraluminal contrast-enhanced hydrocolon ultrasonography in locating the colorectal neoplasms (48/55, 87.3%) was higher than that of the conventional transabdominal ultrasonography (7/32, 53.2%, Plt;0.05). Conclusion Intraluminal contrast-enhanced hydrocolon ultrasonography is more valuable for colorectal neoplasms than conventional transabdominal ultrasonography in detecting and locating colorectal neoplasms. Colorectal neoplasms with different pathological types may have different ultrasonic features.
【摘要】 目的 探討腎上腺髓樣脂肪瘤的彩色多普勒超聲表現和超聲診斷價值。 方法 回顧性分析2005年3月-2010年9月58例61個經手術及病理證實的腎上腺髓脂肪瘤病灶的彩色多普勒超聲表現，對病變的大小、內部回聲特點及血流特點進行分析。 結果 在2005年3月-2007年12月的28個病灶超聲診斷出腎上腺病變23個，正確率82.1%；診斷為髓脂肪瘤2個，正確率7.1%；漏診1個，誤診4個。2008年1月-2010年9月，33個病灶超聲診斷出腎上腺病變30個，正確率90.9%；診斷為髓脂肪瘤19個，正確率57.6%；無漏診，誤診3個。52個病灶超聲表現為邊界清晰，形態基本規則，內部呈均勻中等強回聲（與腎集合系統回聲相當），內部未測及血流信號， 另8個病灶表現為中等強回聲與低回聲相間。 結論 腎上腺髓樣脂肪瘤具有特征性的彩色多普勒超聲聲像圖表現， 可用于發現病變并對多數腎上腺髓樣脂肪瘤做出定性診斷。【Abstract】 Objective To evaluate the value of sonographic diagnosis of adrenal myelolipoma. Methods Sonographic findings from 58 patients with pathologically proved adrenal myelolipoma from March 2005 to September 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. The size of the lesion, internal echo features, and characteristics of blood flow were observed and analyzed. Results In 28 patients with pathologically proved adrenal myelolipoma from March 2005 to December 2007, adrenal lesions was diagnosed in 23 with an accurate rate of 82.1%; adrenal myelolipoma was diagnosed in two with an accurate rate of 7.1%; missed diagnosed in one; misdiagnosed was in four. In 33 patients with pathologically proved adrenal myelolipoma from January 2008 to September 2010, adrenal lesions was diagnosed in 30 with an accurate rate of 90.9%; adrenal myelolipoma was diagnosed in 19 with an accurate rate of 57.6%; no missed diagnosed occurred; misdiagnosed was in three. The sonographic features in 52 lesions were smooth borders and homogeneous hyperechoic; no color Doppler flow signal inside was detected. Conclusion Adrenal myelolipoma has special sonographic features. Ultrasonography is a reliable imaging method for the diagnosis of adrenal myelolipoma.
Meta-research is the "research of research", which aims to explore the existing quality of research in the scientific field, so as to help researchers comprehensively and systematically understand the current status of research development in a certain field, and to find relevant solutions to improve the quality of research in the field, which is a kind of scientific research concept. The concept of meta-research is widely used in the field of medicine, but its definition and use are still unclear in China. Therefore, this paper explores the origin of the definition of meta-research, the scope of research areas involved, and the path of its translation and implementation from the medical perspective, to help domestic researchers understand and familiarize themselves with the theoretical basis of meta-research, and provide them with a framework of ideas for the correct conduct and implementation of meta-research, so as to promote the scientific application and development of meta-research in the domestic medical field.