目的 降低非典型橋本病的誤診率，選擇適宜治療。方法 回顧性總結1981年至1997年間收治的非典型橋本病84例。結果 84例中僅16例未手術，余68例均手術。術后病理結果： 單純橋本病43例，橋本病合并其他甲狀腺疾病： 甲狀腺腺瘤4例，結節性甲狀腺腫瘤14例，甲狀腺機能亢進癥3例，甲狀腺癌4例。結論 本病誤診率較高，將檢測抗甲狀腺球蛋白抗體和抗微粒體抗體、細針穿刺活檢和甲狀腺干制劑診斷性治療三者有機結合有助于提高本病的正確診斷率； 對于橋本病有壓迫癥狀或合并其他甲狀腺疾病者，可予手術治療； 術中行冰凍病理檢查可明確診斷并確定手術方式，術中應盡量保留正常甲狀腺組織，以防形成甲狀腺功能減低。
Objective To introduce the basic research and cl inical appl ication of the injectable bone repair biomaterials. Methods The recent original articles about the injectable bone repair biomaterials were extensively reviewed. Results The injectable bone repair biomaterials could fill irregularly shaped defects and might allow bone augmentation, both with minimal surgical intervention, and the injectable bone repair material had a good prospect by the medical profession and attach great importance to the academic material, but there were some deficiencies and shortcomings. Conclusion The injectable bone repair biomaterials may be a future approach to repair bone defect．
ObjectiveTo summarize short-term and long-term effects of ex vivo liver resection followed by autotransplantation (Abbreviation: autotransplantation) in treatment of advanced hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (HAE).MethodThe clinical data and follow-up data of 17 patients with advanced HAE who underwent autotransplantation from November 2016 to July 2019 in the Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture People’s Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsThe autotransplantations were performed successfully in the 17 patients with advanced HAE. Ten patients underwent the inferior vena cava (IVC) reconstruction with autologous saphenous veins, 5 patients underwent the artificial revascularization, 1 patient underwent the direct anastomosis of the original IVC, and 1 patient didn’t reconstructed (the retroperitoneal collateral circulation was abundant). The mean liver graft mass was 681.3 g (365–1 350 g) and operation time was 11.5 h (9–16 h). The median anhepatic period was 312 min (175–450 min), blood loss was 2 000 mL(950–4 500 mL), red blood cell suspension transfusion was 6.4 U (1–20 U), and fresh frozen plasma was 1.1 L (0.8–2.0 L). The postoperative hospital stay was 5 to 45 d with an average of 25.6 d. There were 4 patients with the postoperative hepatic enveloping effusion, 1 patient with bile leakage, and 1 patient with bile duct stenosis. All of them were treated and cured, and no death occurred. The follow-up time of 17 patients was 3 to 35 months with an average of 9.5 months, no recurrence of HAE and distant metastasis were observed.ConclusionsIn highlands, autotransplantation in treatment of advanced HAE patients with different IVC reconstruction is satisfactory, but it has a higher risk and is difficult. Choice of intraoperative reconstruction materials, judgment of posterior peritoneal collateral circulation, presence or absence of tension in end-to-end anastomosis of the IVC require precise consideration. At the same time, anticoagulation therapy and complications management are difficult, and it is only suitable for plateau medical center with rich experience.