目的:探討腦損傷患者凝血功能水平與顱腦損傷傷情轉歸的相關性。方法:收集70例顱腦損傷患者的臨床資料,傷者抽取靜脈血2 mL,進行凝血功能檢測,分析結果與臨床資料等分別采用SPSS 11.5軟件進行χ2檢驗和logistic回歸分析。結果:在13例凝血功能異常患者中有5例(38%)傷情加重(較入院時腦內血腫體積增大,遲發性血腫等),明顯高于凝血功能正常而傷情加重者(12%,Plt;0.05);單因素和多因素logistic回歸分析提示凝血功能異常時腦損傷傷情加重的危險因素。結論:腦創傷后凝血功能異常時顱腦損傷患者傷情加重的危險因素。
目的 比較進展性慢性肝病及重癥肝炎患者原位肝移植(OLT)圍手術期凝血功能的變化。方法 回顧性分析我中心2004年1月至2005年12月期間行OLT治療進展性慢性肝病及重癥肝炎患者各37例的圍手術期血小板(PLT)、凝血酶原時間(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶時間(APTT)及纖維蛋白原(FIB)的變化。結果 2組患者除術前PT、APTT,術后第5 d PLT、FIB和術后第7 d FIB的差異有統計學意義外（plt;0.05），其余時段2組患者的PLT、PT、APTT及FIB 間差異均無統計學意義（Pgt;0.05）, 提示重癥肝炎患者凝血功能損害更為嚴重； OLT術后，2組患者的凝血功能均逐漸恢復正常, 但并非完全同步。結論 進展性慢性肝病與重癥肝炎患者OLT圍手術期凝血功能變化顯著，應注意監測及處理，但術后2組間各指標間比較差異并不明顯。
Objective To identify the risk factors for coagulopathy after Stanford type A acute aortic dissection (AAD) repair to offer evidence for improvement of patients' prognosis. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 95 patients undergoing Stanford type A AAD repair in Beijing Anzhen Hospital between January 2013 and December 2014. Patients with thromboelastography-coagulation index (TEG-CI) ≤–3 after surgery were allocated to a coagulopathy group (n=17, average age 48.70 years), whereas patients with TEG-CI >–3 after surgery were allocated to a control group ( n=78, average age 46.80 years). Multivariate analysis was used to identify risk factors for coagulopathy after surgery. Results Seventeen patients suffered from coagulopathy after surgery. Patients in the coagulopathy group had larger amount of fluid drainage than that in the control group (P=0.008). Risk factors for postoperative coagulopathy were activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) at the end of surgery ( OR=0.011, 95% confidence interval 0.001 to 0.021, P=0.035), fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) at the end of surgery (OR=0.004, 95% confidence interval 0.001 to 0.007, P=0.022) and platelet count (×109/L) at the end of surgery (OR=–0.002, 95% confidence interval –0.003 to 0.000, P=0.049). The lower risk of postoperative coagulopathy was related to the platelet count at the end of surgery up to 137.00 ×109/L. Conclusion Postoperative coagulopathy could be related to the clinical and experimental variables. In a representative sample of Chinese adults undergoing Stanford type A AAD surgery, APTT, FDP and platelet count at the end of surgery are independent risk factors associated with postoperative coagulopathy. Adding haemostatic, such as fibrinogen and prothrombinase complex, is good for improving the recovery of coagulation function to reduce bleeding and postoperative blood transfusion, as well as adding platelet, plasma and other coagulation factors after AAD surgery.
ObjectiveTo investigate the correlations between lipopolysaccharide(LPS), phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and platelet-activating factor (PAF) with coagulopathy after severe chest and abdominal injuries and their mechanisms. MethodsClinical data of 82 patients with severe chest and abdominal injuries whose trauma index (TI) was greater than or equal to 17 points in No. 253 Hospital of People's Liberation Army from January 2009 to June 2012 were retrospectively analyzed (severe chest and abdominal injury group). Those patients who had concomitant traumatic brain injuries or died in the Emergency Department were excluded from this study. There were 58 male and 24 female patients with their age of 16-76 (43.59±16.33)years. There were 17 patients with open injuries and 65 patients with closed injuries. There were 23 patients with fall injuries, 47 patients with traffic injuries, 8 patients with blunt force injuries, and 4 patients with penetrating injuries. Forty-two healthy volunteers who received routine medical examinations in the outpatient department of our hospital were chosen as the control group, including 27 males and 15 females with their age of 24-47 (37.32±10.45) years. Blood platelet (PLT) count, D-dimer (D-D), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), LPS, PLA2 and PAF were compared between the 2 groups, and linear correlation analysis was performed. ResultsPLT of the severe chest and abdominal injury group patients were significantly lower than that of the control group[(83.44±38.52)×109/L vs. (191.52±23.31)×109/L]. D-D[(1 823.89±608.02) U/L vs. (105.78±44.53) U/L], APTT [(68.24±24.12) s vs. (22.47±9.41) s], LPS[(438.66±106.02) U/L vs. (87.38±46.51) U/L], PLA2 [(41.35±14.26) ng/ml vs. (7.47±5.27)ng/ml] and PAF[(15 765.31±4 431.65) ng/L vs. (3 823.45±529.72) ng/L] of the severe chest and abdominal injury group patients were significantly higher than those of the control group(P < 0.001). PLT was significantly negatively correlated with LPS, PLA2 and PAF with all the respective correlation coefficient(r)less than-0.933 5. D-D and APTT were significantly positively correlated with LPS, PLA2 and PAF with all the respective r larger than 0.921 6. ConclusionLPS, PLA2 and PAF participate in the pathogenesis of coagulopathy in patients with severe chest and abdominal injuries. Early intervention against LPS, PLA2 and PAF may improve coagulopathy and survival rate of patients with severe chest and abdominal injuries.
肝臟移植作為終末期肝病的治療，自上個世紀80年代在歐美國家獲得公認以來，已在世界各國得到迅速開展。我國自90年代后期以來，在全國掀起了第二個肝移植的熱潮，迄今已完成1 000余例肝移植，在圍手術期處理、手術技術、介入放射、移植免疫、抗感染治療等各個方面均獲得豐富的經驗，我國肝移植的效果及長期生存率亦逐步趕上國際先進水平。總的來講，適合進行肝移植的病種可分為良性及惡性肝病，鑒于惡性肝病行肝移植后復發率高，長期生存率低，因而其作為肝移植的指征長期以來存在爭議，而良性終末期肝病則是肝移植的主要指征。我院自1999年2月以來連續施行肝移植114例，其中良性肝病為69例，占60.5%。本文僅針對良性肝病肝移植的一些特點談談我們的經驗和體會。
Objective To preliminarily summarize the diagnosis and treatment of coagulopathy in patient with severe hepatic cirrhosis who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Methods Preoperative coagulability, the replacement therapy by coagulation factors and platelet pre-and intraoperatively, intra-operative bleeding amount and blood transfusion amount and the relation to the postoperative course were analyzed retrospectively in 6 patients with severe hepatic cirrhosis who underwent OLT in the last year. Results All of the 6 patients had a Child-c preoperative hepatic function, 2 with prolongation of bleeding time. All of the 6 had a decrease of platelet count, with a mean platelet count of 25.3×１０９／Ｌ. Mean prolongation of prothrombin time was 10.7 seconds as compared with controls. Mean prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time was 23.1 seconds as compared with controls. Mean fibrinogen was 1.5 g/L. Mean pre- and intra- operative transfusion of fresh frozen plasma was 788 ml, platelet 7.1×１０12， cryopreciptitate 5.5 units, fibrinogen 2.8 grams and lyophilized prothombin complex concentrate (LPCC) 1 700 units. The first 4 cases in the early period had a mean bleeding amount of 8 672.5 ml, with a mean transfusion of 9 215.0 ml. One of the 4 with the most massive intraoperative bleeding was complicated by severe internal milieu disturbance, DIC and fungus infection and died of the infection. Postoperatively the last 2 cases in the late period had a complete preoperative replacement of coagulation factors and platelet and had a only mean bleeding amount of 2 700 ml with a mean transfusion amount of 3 638 ml. Conclusion We initially consider that a preoperative complete replacement of coagulation factors and platelet according to the coagulability tests may lessen intraoperative bleeding and transfusion and make the patient an uneventful postoperative course.
目的 分析反復發作的抗凝血類滅鼠藥所致獲得性凝血功能障礙的臨床特點，探討其診治方案。方法 對2009年3月－2010年12月收治的3例抗凝血類滅鼠藥所致獲得性凝血功能障礙患者的臨床表現、實驗室檢查和治療轉歸進行分析，并復習相關文獻。 結果 3例患者均以同時出現多部位出血為首發表現，經應用維生素K1、凝血酶原復合物、新鮮冰凍血漿、冷沉淀等治療，患者病情好轉，實驗室指標恢復正常。停藥（2、5周，3個月）后再次出現多部位出血，再給予維生素K1等治療，病情可緩解。 結論 維生素K1可作為首選的治療藥物，且對反復發作的患者同樣有效。為避免再發性出血，應維持治療至少3個月。
目的 探討脂多糖（LPS）、白細胞介素-6（IL-6）和血小板活化因子（PAF）與重癥胸腹創傷后凝血功能紊亂發生的相關性及可能的致病機理。方法 收集2009年1月至2011年12月期間在中國人民解放軍第二五三醫院急診科就診、創傷指數≥17分且除外合并顱腦損傷及在急診科內死亡的胸腹創傷患者62例，在予以搶救、治療的同時抽血檢查血小板計數（PLT）、血漿D-二聚體（D-D）、部分活化凝血酶原時間（APTT）、凝血酶原時間（PT）、LPS、IL-6和PAF，并對其結果進行相關性分析。結果 本組患者就診時檢測的PLT為（157.73±78.11）×109/L， D-D為（1 023.88±208.72） U/L，APTT為（46.95±17.85） s，PT為（19.44±6.95） s，TT為（58.27±12.44）s，除PLT降低外，其余4項指標均升高或延長； LPS為（322.85±104.54） U/L，IL-6為（285.51±81.46） ng/mL，PAF為 （14 714.70±4 427.95） ng/L， 三者均升高； PLT與LPS、IL-6和PAF之間呈負相關關系（P＜0.001），而D-D、APTT、PT和TT與LPS、IL-6和PAF之間均呈正相關關系（P＜0.001）。結論 LPS、IL-6及PAF可能參與了重癥胸腹創傷后凝血功能障礙的發生；重癥胸腹損傷后出現的微循環障礙及內毒素血癥是凝血功能障礙發生的重要機理。針對LPS、IL-6和PAF進行早期干預，有可能改善重癥胸腹創傷患者的凝血功能障礙。
ObjectiveTo evaluate the changes in thrombelastography(TEG) during orthotopic liver transplantation （OLT） in Chinese. MethodsTwentyfive patients with cirrhosis of liver undergoing OLT were studied. They were composed of two groups: cirrhosis group （n=15） and liver neoplasm group （n=10）. Anesthesia was induced with propofol 1.5-2 mg/kg,fentanyl 3-5 μg/kg and vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg and maintained with isoflurane or enflurane inhalation.The operation was divided into three phases: ① before operation and preanhepatic phase （120 min after operation was started）, ② 30 min after liver was removed,③ 5 min before reperfusion and 5 min,15 min,30 min,60 min and 120 min after reperfusion.In 8 patients among the 25 patients heparinasecelite TEG was measured 5 min after reperfusion in addition to celite TEG.If there was significant differences in traces between the two TEG measurements,an intravenous bolus of 50-75 mg protamine was given and the heparinasecelite TEG was repeated.The measured variables included the r （reaction） time,representing the rate of initial fibrin formation K （coagulation） time, alpha angles （α） reflecting fibrinplatelet interaction, MA （maximal amplitude） indicating qualitative platelet function and percent fibrinolysis at 60 min. ResultsIn cirrhosis group changes in TEG occurred after liver was removed and in earlier period after reperfusion, while in liver neoplasm group changes in TEG were found in earlier period after reperfusion as compared with preoperative value.At 5 min after reperfusion there were significant differences in TEG （r，K，α and MA） values between celite and heparincelite TEG （P＜0.01）. ConclusionDuring OLT coagulation disorder occurs mainly at anhepatic and early reperfusion phase.
Objective To investigate the effects of component blood transfusion combined with heparin therapy on coagulation function and clinical outcomes in pregnant women with acute disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 65 pregnant women with acute DIC who were treated in Obstetrics Department of Luzhou People’ s Hospital between March 2020 and March 2022. Pregnant women treated with component blood transfusion were included in the control group, while those treated with component blood transfusion combined with heparin were included in the observation group. Before and after treatment, the DIC scoring system was used for score evaluation. Coagulation function indicators and routine blood indicators were compared between the two groups of pregnant women. Adverse clinical outcomes and adverse reactions were observed in both groups of pregnant women. Results The study enrolled 65 pregnant women, comprising 30 in the observation group and 35 in the control group. Before treatment, there was no statistical difference in DIC score, coagulation function indicators, or routine blood indicators between the two groups (P>0.05). After treatment, the DIC score, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, and D-dimer significantly decreased in both groups (P<0.05), and the above indicators in the observation group [3.39±0.48, (13.28±2.28) s, (24.68±2.06) s, (14.27±1.82) s, and (2.23±0.88) mg/L, respectively] were lower than those in the control group [4.11±1.56, (15.02±2.45) s, (26.79±3.18) s, (15.61±1.91) s, and (2.87±0.74) mg/L, respectively] (P<0.05). The levels of fibrinogen, platelet count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit significantly increased in both groups (P<0.05), and the levels in the observation group [(4.29±1.05) g/L, (175.36±20.46)×109/L, (84.09±7.27) g/L, and (25.49±3.13)%, respectively] were higher than those in the control group [(3.44±1.27) g/L, (145.77±21.12)×109/L, (76.58±7.13) g/L, and (23.03±3.05)%, respectively] (P<0.05). The observation group had a lower incidence rate of adverse clinical outcomes compared to the control group (33.3% vs. 74.3%, P<0.05). The incidence rates of adverse reactions were not statistically different between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusions Component blood transfusion combined with heparin therapy for pregnant women with acute DIC can effectively improve their coagulation function, reduce the risk of bleeding, and further improve adverse clinical outcomes such as postpartum hemorrhage and hysterectomy. Additionally, this treatment approach demonstrates a high safety profile.