氯沙坦與阿替洛爾對心腦血管事件影響的循證分析_《中國循證醫學雜志》

作者：

楊莉萍 , 劉瑤 , 謝婧 ,  胡欣

衛生部北京醫院藥學部（北京 100005）;

關鍵詞：

氯沙坦阿替洛爾高血壓心腦血管事件隨機對照試驗

DOI：

10.7507/1672-2531.20130034

視頻：

導出 下載 收藏 掃碼 引用

摘要 全文 圖表 視頻 參考文獻 施引文獻 補充材料

目的　為《中國基本藥物目錄》遴選血管緊張素Ⅱ受體阻斷劑（ARB）類降壓藥物提供循證研究數據。
方法　以losartan、atenolol、clinical trial、氯沙坦、阿替洛爾、臨床試驗為檢索詞，計算機檢索EMbase、PubMed、Cochrane圖書館、Clinicaltrials.gov、CNKI、VIP和CBM，納入氯沙坦與阿替洛爾治療高血壓相關的臨床試驗，語種限中、英文。
結果　共納入52篇文獻，多數來源于氯沙坦減少高血壓患者終點事件（LIFE）研究。其主要結果顯示：① 在降壓效果相當的情況下，氯沙坦比阿替洛爾的耐受性更好、降低高血壓患者的左室肥厚作用更好；② 氯沙坦防治心腦血管事件的發生，特別是預防腦卒中首次發作的效果也更好；③ 氯沙坦對伴/不伴有糖尿病、伴/不伴有房顫、有低血紅蛋白或高血尿酸，以及合用阿司匹林或氫氯噻嗪患者的治療效果均優于阿替洛爾；④ 無論用氯沙坦還是阿替洛爾，強化降壓治療會增加有QRS間期延長的高血壓患者發生心源性猝死的風險；⑤ 對吸煙、少量或大量飲酒的高血壓患者，氯沙坦的作用均優于阿替洛爾；⑥ 氯沙坦和阿替洛爾在非洲裔、不同性別、血管緊張素轉化酶基因突變的高血壓患者中的作用無顯著差別。
結論　氯沙坦與阿替洛爾的降壓效果相當，但氯沙坦比阿替洛爾能更有效地降低高血壓患者的左室肥厚，且氯沙坦帶給高血壓患者降壓以外的益處遠比阿替洛爾多，如降低尿蛋白和尿酸，不降低高密度脂蛋白等方面的作用。

引用本文： 楊莉萍,劉瑤,謝婧,胡欣. 氯沙坦與阿替洛爾對心腦血管事件影響的循證分析. 中國循證醫學雜志, 2013, 13(2): 196-203. doi: 10.7507/1672-2531.20130034 復制

1.	Ibsen H, Pedersen OL, Dahlof B, et al. The effect of losartan versus atenolol on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with hypertension and ECG-verified left ventricular hypertrophy in the LIFE-study. Ugeskr Laeger, 2003, 165(5): 456-459.
2.	Sica DA. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol. Curr Hypertens Rep, 2002, 4(4): 321-323.
3.	Kjeldsen SE, Lyle PA, Kizer JR, et al. The effects of losartan compared to atenolol on stroke in patients with isolated systolic hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy. The LIFE study. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich), 2005, 7(3): 152-158.
4.	Devereux RB, Dahlof B, Kjeldsen SE, et al. Effects of losartan or atenolol in hypertensive patients without clinically evident vascular disease: a substudy of the LIFE randomized trial. Ann Intern Med, 2003, 139(3): 169-177.
5.	Reims HM, Oparil S, Kjeldsen SE, et al. Losartan benefits over atenolol in non-smoking hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy: the LIFE study. Blood Press, 2004, 13(6): 376-384.
6.	Reims HM, Kjeldsen SE, Brady WE, et al. Alcohol consumption and cardiovascular risk in hypertensives with left ventricular hypertrophy: the LIFE study. J Hum Hypertens, 2004, 18(6): 381-389.
7.	Dahlof B, Burke TA, Krobot K, et al. Population impact of losartan use on stroke in the European Union (EU): projections from the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension (LIFE) study. J Hum Hypertens, 2004, 18(6): 367-373.
8.	Boersma C, Carides GW, Atthobari J, et al. An economic assessment of losartan-based versus atenolol-based therapy in patients with hypertension and left-ventricular hypertrophy: results from the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction (LIFE) study adapted to The Netherlands. Clin Ther, 2007, 29(5): 963-971.
9.	Lindholm LH, Ibsen H, Dahlof B, et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): A randomised trial against atenolol. Lancet, 2002, 359(9311): 1004-1010.
10.	Ibsen H, Lindholm LH, Pedersen OL, et al. The effect of losartan versus atenolol on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus in the LIFE-study. Ugeskr Laeger, 2003, 165(5): 459-462.
11.	Dahlof B, Devereux RB, Kjeldsen SE, et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol. Lancet, 2002, 359(9311): 995-1003.
12.	de Simone G, Wachtell K, Palmieri V, et al. Body build and risk of cardiovascular events in hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy: the LIFE (Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension) study. Circulation, 2005, 111(15): 1924-1931.
13.	Wachtell K, Hornestam B, Lehto M, et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertensive patients with a history of atrial fibrillation: The Losartan Intervention For End Point Reduction in Hypertension (LIFE) study. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2005, 45(5): 705-711.
14.	Wachtell K, Lehto M, Gerdts E, et al. Angiotensin II receptor blockade reduces new-onset atrial fibrillation and subsequent stroke compared to atenolol: the Losartan Intervention For End Point Reduction in Hypertension (LIFE) study. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2005, 45(5): 712-719.
15.	Okin PM, Wachtell K, Devereux RB, et al. Regression of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy and decreased incidence of new-onset atrial fibrillation in patients with hypertension. JAMA, 2006, 296(10): 1242-1248.
16.	Okin PM, Devereux RB, Jern S, et al. Regression of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy by losartan versus atenolol: The Losartan Intervention for Endpoint reduction in Hypertension (LIFE) Study. Circulation, 2003, 108(6): 684-690.
17.	Gerdts E, Roman MJ, Palmieri V, et al. Impact of age on left ventricular hypertrophy regression during antihypertensive treatment with losartan or atenolol (the LIFE study). J Hum Hypertens, 2004, 18(6): 417-422.
18.	Kjeldsen SE, Dahlof B, Devereux RB, et al. Effects of losartan on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with isolated systolic hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy: a Losartan Intervention for Endpoint Reduction (LIFE) substudy. JAMA, 2002, 288(12): 1491-1498.
19.	Gerdts E, Bjornstad H, Devereux RB, et al. Exercise performance during losartan- or atenolol-based treatment in hypertensive patients with electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy (a LIFE substudy). Blood Press, 2006, 15(4): 220-226.
20.	Bella JN, Palmieri V, Wachtell K, et al. Sex-related difference in regression of left ventricular hypertrophy with antihypertensive treatment: the LIFE study. J Hum Hypertens, 2004, 18(6): 411-416.
21.	Okin PM, Devereux RB, Gerdts E, et al. Impact of diabetes mellitus on regression of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy and the prediction of outcome during antihypertensive therapy: the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint (LIFE) Reduction in Hypertension Study. Circulation, 2006, 113(12): 1588-1596.
22.	Okin PM, Devereux RB, Liu JE, et al. Regression of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy predicts regression of echocardiographic left ventricular mass: the LIFE study. J Hum Hypertens, 2004, 18(6): 403-409.
23.	Okin PM, Devereux RB, Jern S, et al. Regression of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy during antihypertensive treatment and the prediction of major cardiovascular events. JAMA, 2004, 292(19): 2343-2349.
24.	Wachtell K, Okin PM, Olsen MH, et al. Regression of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy during antihypertensive therapy and reduction in sudden cardiac death: the LIFE Study. Circulation, 2007, 116(7): 700-705.
25.	Olsen MH, Wachtell K, Neland K, et al. Losartan but not atenolol reduce carotid artery hypertrophy in essential hypertension. A LIFE substudy. Blood Press, 2005, 14(3): 177-183.
26.	Olsen MH, Fossum E, Hoieggen A, et al. Long-term treatment with losartan versus atenolol improves insulin sensitivity in hypertension: ICARUS, a LIFE substudy. J Hypertens, 2005, 23(4): 891-898.
27.	Olsen MH, Wachtell K, Beevers G, et al. Effects of losartan compared with atenolol on lipids in patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy: The Losartan Intervention for Endpoint reduction in hypertension study. Journal of hypertension, 2009(3): 567-574.
28.	Ibsen H, Olsen MH, Wachtell K, et al. Reduction in albuminuria translates to reduction in cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients: losartan intervention for endpoint reduction in hypertension study. Hypertension, 2005, 45(2): 198-202.
29.	Ibsen H, Wachtell K, Olsen MH, et al. Does albuminuria predict cardiovascular outcome on treatment with losartan versus atenolol in hypertension with left ventricular hypertrophy? A LIFE substudy. J Hypertens, 2004, 22(9): 1805-1811.
30.	Ibsen H, Olsen MH, Wachtell K, et al. Does albuminuria predict cardiovascular outcomes on treatment with losartan versus atenolol in patients with diabetes, hypertension, and left ventricular hypertrophy? The LIFE study. Diabetes Care, 2006, 29(3): 595-600.
31.	Hoieggen A, Alderman MH, Kjeldsen SE, et al. The impact of serum uric acid on cardiovascular outcomes in the LIFE study. Kidney Int, 2004, 65(3): 1041-1049.
32.	Olsen MH, Wachtell K, Tuxen C, et al. Opposite effects of losartan and atenolol on natriuretic peptides in patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy: a LIFE substudy. J Hypertens, 2005, 23(5): 1083-1090.
33.	Davies J, Carr E, Band M, et al. Do losartan and atenolol have differential effects on BNP and central haemodynamic parameters? J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst, 2005, 6(3): 151-153.
34.	Olsen MH, Wachtell K, Beevers G, et al. Prognostic importance of hemoglobin in hypertensive patients with electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy: the Losartan Intervention For End point reduction in hypertension (LIFE) study. Am Heart J, 2009, 157(1): 177-184.
35.	Smebye ML, Iversen EK, Hoieggen A, et al. Effect of hemoglobin levels on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with isolated systolic hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy (from the LIFE study). Am J Cardiol, 2007, 100(5): 855-859.
36.	Olsen MH, Christensen MK, Wachtell K, et al. Markers of collagen synthesis is related to blood pressure and vascular hypertrophy: A LIFE substudy. 2005, 19(4): 301-307.
37.	Christensen MK, Olsen MH, Wachtell K, et al. Does long-term losartan- vs atenolol-based antihypertensive treatment influence collagen markers differently in hypertensive patients? A LIFE substudy. Blood Press, 2006, 15(4): 198-206.
38.	Fossum E, Olsen MH, Hoieggen A, et al. Long-term plasma catecholamines in patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy treated with losartan or atenolol: ICARUS, a LIFE substudy. J Hum Hypertens, 2004, 18(6): 375-380.
39.	Wachtell K, Bella JN, Rokkedal J, et al. Change in diastolic left ventricular filling after one year of antihypertensive treatment: The Losartan Intervention For Endpoint Reduction in Hypertension (LIFE) Study. Circulation, 2002, 105(9): 1071-1076.
40.	Okin PM, Oikarinen L, Viitasalo M, et al. Serial assessment of the electrocardiographic strain pattern for prediction of new-onset heart failure during antihypertensive treatment: the LIFE study. Eur J Heart Fail, 13(4): 384-391.
41.	Okin PM, Wachtell K, Devereux RB, et al. Combination of the electrocardiographic strain pattern and albuminuria for the prediction of new-onset heart failure in hypertensive patients: the LIFE study. Am J Hypertens, 2008, 21(3): 273-279.
42.	Morin DP, Oikarinen L, Viitasalo M, et al. QRS duration predicts sudden cardiac death in hypertensive patients undergoing intensive medical therapy: the LIFE study. Eur Heart J, 2009, 30(23): 2908-2914.
43.	Okin PM, Devereux RB, Kjeldsen SE, et al. Incidence of heart failure in relation to QRS duration during antihypertensive therapy: the LIFE study. J Hypertens, 2009, 27(11): 2271-2277.
44.	Okin PM, Devereux RB, Harris KE, et al. Regression of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy is associated with less hospitalization for heart failure in hypertensive patients. Ann Intern Med, 2007, 147(5): 311-319.
45.	Devereux RB, de Faire U, Fyhrquist F, et al. Blood pressure reduction and antihypertensive medication use in the losartan intervention for endpoint reduction in hypertension (LIFE) study in patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy. Curr Med Res Opin, 2007, 23(2): 259-270.
46.	Devereux RB, Dahlof B, Gerdts E, et al. Regression of hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy by losartan compared with atenolol: the Losartan Intervention for Endpoint Reduction in Hypertension (LIFE) trial. Circulation, 2004, 110(11): 1456-1462.
47.	Okin PM, Hille DA, Kjeldsen SE, et al. Greater regression of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy during hydrochlorothiazide therapy in hypertensive patients. American Journal of Hypertension, 2010, 23(7): 786-793.
48.	Fossum E, Moan A, Kjeldsen SE, et al. The effect of losartan versus atenolol on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with hypertension taking aspirin: the Losartan Intervention for Endpoint Reduction in hypertension (LIFE) study. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2005, 46(5): 770-775.
49.	Julius S, Alderman MH, Beevers G, et al. Cardiovascular risk reduction in hypertensive black patients with left ventricular hypertrophy: the LIFE study. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2004, 43(6): 1047-1055.
50.	Okin PM, Kjeldsen SE, Dahlof B, et al. Racial differences in incident heart failure during antihypertensive therapy. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes, 4(2): 157-164.
51.	Okin PM, Gerdts E, Kjeldsen SE, et al. Gender differences in regression of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy during antihypertensive therapy. Hypertension, 2008, 52(1): 100-106.
52.	Nordestgaard BG, Kontula K, Benn M, et al. Effect of ACE insertion/deletion and 12 other polymorphisms on clinical outcomes and response to treatment in the life study. Pharmacogenetics and Genomics, 2010, 20(2): 77-85.

1. Ibsen H, Pedersen OL, Dahlof B, et al. The effect of losartan versus atenolol on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with hypertension and ECG-verified left ventricular hypertrophy in the LIFE-study. Ugeskr Laeger, 2003, 165(5): 456-459.
2. Sica DA. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol. Curr Hypertens Rep, 2002, 4(4): 321-323.
3. Kjeldsen SE, Lyle PA, Kizer JR, et al. The effects of losartan compared to atenolol on stroke in patients with isolated systolic hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy. The LIFE study. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich), 2005, 7(3): 152-158.
4. Devereux RB, Dahlof B, Kjeldsen SE, et al. Effects of losartan or atenolol in hypertensive patients without clinically evident vascular disease: a substudy of the LIFE randomized trial. Ann Intern Med, 2003, 139(3): 169-177.
5. Reims HM, Oparil S, Kjeldsen SE, et al. Losartan benefits over atenolol in non-smoking hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy: the LIFE study. Blood Press, 2004, 13(6): 376-384.
6. Reims HM, Kjeldsen SE, Brady WE, et al. Alcohol consumption and cardiovascular risk in hypertensives with left ventricular hypertrophy: the LIFE study. J Hum Hypertens, 2004, 18(6): 381-389.
7. Dahlof B, Burke TA, Krobot K, et al. Population impact of losartan use on stroke in the European Union (EU): projections from the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension (LIFE) study. J Hum Hypertens, 2004, 18(6): 367-373.
8. Boersma C, Carides GW, Atthobari J, et al. An economic assessment of losartan-based versus atenolol-based therapy in patients with hypertension and left-ventricular hypertrophy: results from the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction (LIFE) study adapted to The Netherlands. Clin Ther, 2007, 29(5): 963-971.
9. Lindholm LH, Ibsen H, Dahlof B, et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): A randomised trial against atenolol. Lancet, 2002, 359(9311): 1004-1010.
10. Ibsen H, Lindholm LH, Pedersen OL, et al. The effect of losartan versus atenolol on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus in the LIFE-study. Ugeskr Laeger, 2003, 165(5): 459-462.
11. Dahlof B, Devereux RB, Kjeldsen SE, et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol. Lancet, 2002, 359(9311): 995-1003.
12. de Simone G, Wachtell K, Palmieri V, et al. Body build and risk of cardiovascular events in hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy: the LIFE (Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension) study. Circulation, 2005, 111(15): 1924-1931.
13. Wachtell K, Hornestam B, Lehto M, et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertensive patients with a history of atrial fibrillation: The Losartan Intervention For End Point Reduction in Hypertension (LIFE) study. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2005, 45(5): 705-711.
14. Wachtell K, Lehto M, Gerdts E, et al. Angiotensin II receptor blockade reduces new-onset atrial fibrillation and subsequent stroke compared to atenolol: the Losartan Intervention For End Point Reduction in Hypertension (LIFE) study. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2005, 45(5): 712-719.
15. Okin PM, Wachtell K, Devereux RB, et al. Regression of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy and decreased incidence of new-onset atrial fibrillation in patients with hypertension. JAMA, 2006, 296(10): 1242-1248.
16. Okin PM, Devereux RB, Jern S, et al. Regression of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy by losartan versus atenolol: The Losartan Intervention for Endpoint reduction in Hypertension (LIFE) Study. Circulation, 2003, 108(6): 684-690.
17. Gerdts E, Roman MJ, Palmieri V, et al. Impact of age on left ventricular hypertrophy regression during antihypertensive treatment with losartan or atenolol (the LIFE study). J Hum Hypertens, 2004, 18(6): 417-422.
18. Kjeldsen SE, Dahlof B, Devereux RB, et al. Effects of losartan on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with isolated systolic hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy: a Losartan Intervention for Endpoint Reduction (LIFE) substudy. JAMA, 2002, 288(12): 1491-1498.
19. Gerdts E, Bjornstad H, Devereux RB, et al. Exercise performance during losartan- or atenolol-based treatment in hypertensive patients with electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy (a LIFE substudy). Blood Press, 2006, 15(4): 220-226.
20. Bella JN, Palmieri V, Wachtell K, et al. Sex-related difference in regression of left ventricular hypertrophy with antihypertensive treatment: the LIFE study. J Hum Hypertens, 2004, 18(6): 411-416.
21. Okin PM, Devereux RB, Gerdts E, et al. Impact of diabetes mellitus on regression of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy and the prediction of outcome during antihypertensive therapy: the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint (LIFE) Reduction in Hypertension Study. Circulation, 2006, 113(12): 1588-1596.
22. Okin PM, Devereux RB, Liu JE, et al. Regression of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy predicts regression of echocardiographic left ventricular mass: the LIFE study. J Hum Hypertens, 2004, 18(6): 403-409.
23. Okin PM, Devereux RB, Jern S, et al. Regression of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy during antihypertensive treatment and the prediction of major cardiovascular events. JAMA, 2004, 292(19): 2343-2349.
24. Wachtell K, Okin PM, Olsen MH, et al. Regression of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy during antihypertensive therapy and reduction in sudden cardiac death: the LIFE Study. Circulation, 2007, 116(7): 700-705.
25. Olsen MH, Wachtell K, Neland K, et al. Losartan but not atenolol reduce carotid artery hypertrophy in essential hypertension. A LIFE substudy. Blood Press, 2005, 14(3): 177-183.
26. Olsen MH, Fossum E, Hoieggen A, et al. Long-term treatment with losartan versus atenolol improves insulin sensitivity in hypertension: ICARUS, a LIFE substudy. J Hypertens, 2005, 23(4): 891-898.
27. Olsen MH, Wachtell K, Beevers G, et al. Effects of losartan compared with atenolol on lipids in patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy: The Losartan Intervention for Endpoint reduction in hypertension study. Journal of hypertension, 2009(3): 567-574.
28. Ibsen H, Olsen MH, Wachtell K, et al. Reduction in albuminuria translates to reduction in cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients: losartan intervention for endpoint reduction in hypertension study. Hypertension, 2005, 45(2): 198-202.
29. Ibsen H, Wachtell K, Olsen MH, et al. Does albuminuria predict cardiovascular outcome on treatment with losartan versus atenolol in hypertension with left ventricular hypertrophy? A LIFE substudy. J Hypertens, 2004, 22(9): 1805-1811.
30. Ibsen H, Olsen MH, Wachtell K, et al. Does albuminuria predict cardiovascular outcomes on treatment with losartan versus atenolol in patients with diabetes, hypertension, and left ventricular hypertrophy? The LIFE study. Diabetes Care, 2006, 29(3): 595-600.
31. Hoieggen A, Alderman MH, Kjeldsen SE, et al. The impact of serum uric acid on cardiovascular outcomes in the LIFE study. Kidney Int, 2004, 65(3): 1041-1049.
32. Olsen MH, Wachtell K, Tuxen C, et al. Opposite effects of losartan and atenolol on natriuretic peptides in patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy: a LIFE substudy. J Hypertens, 2005, 23(5): 1083-1090.
33. Davies J, Carr E, Band M, et al. Do losartan and atenolol have differential effects on BNP and central haemodynamic parameters? J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst, 2005, 6(3): 151-153.
34. Olsen MH, Wachtell K, Beevers G, et al. Prognostic importance of hemoglobin in hypertensive patients with electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy: the Losartan Intervention For End point reduction in hypertension (LIFE) study. Am Heart J, 2009, 157(1): 177-184.
35. Smebye ML, Iversen EK, Hoieggen A, et al. Effect of hemoglobin levels on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with isolated systolic hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy (from the LIFE study). Am J Cardiol, 2007, 100(5): 855-859.
36. Olsen MH, Christensen MK, Wachtell K, et al. Markers of collagen synthesis is related to blood pressure and vascular hypertrophy: A LIFE substudy. 2005, 19(4): 301-307.
37. Christensen MK, Olsen MH, Wachtell K, et al. Does long-term losartan- vs atenolol-based antihypertensive treatment influence collagen markers differently in hypertensive patients? A LIFE substudy. Blood Press, 2006, 15(4): 198-206.
38. Fossum E, Olsen MH, Hoieggen A, et al. Long-term plasma catecholamines in patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy treated with losartan or atenolol: ICARUS, a LIFE substudy. J Hum Hypertens, 2004, 18(6): 375-380.
39. Wachtell K, Bella JN, Rokkedal J, et al. Change in diastolic left ventricular filling after one year of antihypertensive treatment: The Losartan Intervention For Endpoint Reduction in Hypertension (LIFE) Study. Circulation, 2002, 105(9): 1071-1076.
40. Okin PM, Oikarinen L, Viitasalo M, et al. Serial assessment of the electrocardiographic strain pattern for prediction of new-onset heart failure during antihypertensive treatment: the LIFE study. Eur J Heart Fail, 13(4): 384-391.
41. Okin PM, Wachtell K, Devereux RB, et al. Combination of the electrocardiographic strain pattern and albuminuria for the prediction of new-onset heart failure in hypertensive patients: the LIFE study. Am J Hypertens, 2008, 21(3): 273-279.
42. Morin DP, Oikarinen L, Viitasalo M, et al. QRS duration predicts sudden cardiac death in hypertensive patients undergoing intensive medical therapy: the LIFE study. Eur Heart J, 2009, 30(23): 2908-2914.
43. Okin PM, Devereux RB, Kjeldsen SE, et al. Incidence of heart failure in relation to QRS duration during antihypertensive therapy: the LIFE study. J Hypertens, 2009, 27(11): 2271-2277.
44. Okin PM, Devereux RB, Harris KE, et al. Regression of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy is associated with less hospitalization for heart failure in hypertensive patients. Ann Intern Med, 2007, 147(5): 311-319.
45. Devereux RB, de Faire U, Fyhrquist F, et al. Blood pressure reduction and antihypertensive medication use in the losartan intervention for endpoint reduction in hypertension (LIFE) study in patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy. Curr Med Res Opin, 2007, 23(2): 259-270.
46. Devereux RB, Dahlof B, Gerdts E, et al. Regression of hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy by losartan compared with atenolol: the Losartan Intervention for Endpoint Reduction in Hypertension (LIFE) trial. Circulation, 2004, 110(11): 1456-1462.
47. Okin PM, Hille DA, Kjeldsen SE, et al. Greater regression of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy during hydrochlorothiazide therapy in hypertensive patients. American Journal of Hypertension, 2010, 23(7): 786-793.
48. Fossum E, Moan A, Kjeldsen SE, et al. The effect of losartan versus atenolol on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with hypertension taking aspirin: the Losartan Intervention for Endpoint Reduction in hypertension (LIFE) study. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2005, 46(5): 770-775.
49. Julius S, Alderman MH, Beevers G, et al. Cardiovascular risk reduction in hypertensive black patients with left ventricular hypertrophy: the LIFE study. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2004, 43(6): 1047-1055.
50. Okin PM, Kjeldsen SE, Dahlof B, et al. Racial differences in incident heart failure during antihypertensive therapy. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes, 4(2): 157-164.
51. Okin PM, Gerdts E, Kjeldsen SE, et al. Gender differences in regression of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy during antihypertensive therapy. Hypertension, 2008, 52(1): 100-106.
52. Nordestgaard BG, Kontula K, Benn M, et al. Effect of ACE insertion/deletion and 12 other polymorphisms on clinical outcomes and response to treatment in the life study. Pharmacogenetics and Genomics, 2010, 20(2): 77-85.

《中國循證醫學雜志》

氯沙坦與阿替洛爾對心腦血管事件影響的循證分析

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《中國循證醫學雜志》

氯沙坦與阿替洛爾對心腦血管事件影響的循證分析

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