甲狀腺、甲狀旁腺術后常規引流的系統評價_《中國循證醫學雜志》

作者：

王尚前 ,  邵國安 , 胡學軍 , 張虎 , 劉貴峰

新疆醫科大學第五附屬醫院腫瘤診療中心（烏魯木齊 830011）;

關鍵詞：

甲狀腺甲狀旁腺引流系統評價 Meta分析隨機對照試驗

DOI：

10.7507/1672-2531.20120127

視頻：

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摘要 全文 圖表 視頻 參考文獻 施引文獻 補充材料

目的　系統評價甲狀腺、甲狀旁腺手術后放置引流管的臨床效果。
方法　計算機檢索The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials（CENTRAL）、MEDLINE、EMbase、SCI、CNKI，納入甲狀腺、甲狀旁腺術后常規放置引流管與不放置引流管比較的隨機對照試驗（RCT）。檢索時間均從建庫至2011年3月29日，同時手檢相關專業雜志和資料，并追索納入文獻的參考文獻。由兩位評價員獨立評價納入研究的質量、進行資料提取和交叉核對后，采用RevMan 5.1.2軟件進行Meta分析。
結果　納入16個RCT，共1 907例患者。Meta分析結果顯示，在再次手術、切口血腫/血清腫、切口感染、皮下積液發生率方面，甲狀腺、甲狀旁腺術后常規放置引流管與不放置引流管相比，兩組差異均無統計學意義（P gt;0.05）。引流組的術后切口疼痛評分優于未引流組，兩組差異有統計學意義［RR=2.15，95%CI（1.10，4.23），P=0.03］；但住院時間比未放置組長，兩組差異有統計學意義［SMD=0.79，95%CI（0.38，1.20），I2=93%，P=0.000 2］。
結論　現有證據表明甲狀腺、甲狀旁腺術后常規放置引流并不能顯著降低術后并發癥的發生率，反而會增加住院時間。但鑒于目前的證據是基于無胸骨后甲狀腺腫手術、正常的凝血指數和沒有頸部淋巴結清掃術基礎上而得出的，因此本系統評價結果并不適用于上述情況；又因為本研究納入的所有RCT質量均較低，且缺乏多中心、大樣本的RCT，因此應開展更多高質量大樣本的RCT研究對此問題進行深入研究。

引用本文： 王尚前,邵國安,胡學軍,張虎,劉貴峰. 甲狀腺、甲狀旁腺術后常規引流的系統評價. 中國循證醫學雜志, 2012, 12(7): 830-839. doi: 10.7507/1672-2531.20120127 復制

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2.	Tae HJ, Lim DJ, Baek KH, et al. Diagnostic value of ultrasonography to distinguish between benign and malignant lesions in the management of thyroid nodules. Thyroid, 2007, 17(5): 461-466.
3.	Dean DS, Gharib H. Epidemiology of thyroid nodules. Best Pract Res Clin Endo crinol Metab, 2008, 22(6): 901-911.
4.	Schneider AB, Bekerman C, Lelang J, et al. Thyroid nodules in the follow-up of irra diated individuals: comparison of thyroid ultrasound with scanning and palpation. Clin Endocrinol Metab, 1997, 82: 4020-4027.
5.	Lundgren E, Rastad J, Thurfjell E, et al. Population-based screening for primary hyper parathyroidism with serum calcium and parathyroid hormone values in menopausal women. Surgery, 1997, 121: 287-294.
6.	Herranz J, Latorre J. [Drainage in thyroid and parathyroid surgery]. J Acta Otorrino- laringol Esp, 2007, 58(1): 7-9.
7.	Bergamaschi R, Becouam G, Ronceray J, et al. Morbidity of thyroid surgery. J Am J Surg, 1998, 176(1): 71-75.
8.	Kennedy SA, Irvine RA, Westerberg BD, et al. Meta-analysis: prophylactic drainage and bleeding complications in thyroid surgery. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2008, 37(6): 768-773.
9.	Shandilya M, Kieran S, Walshe P, et al. Cervical haematoma after thyroid surgery. Management and Prevention, 2006, 99(9): 266-268.
10.	Colak T, Akca T, Turkmenoglu O, et al. Drainage after total thyroidectomy or lobectomy for benign thyroidal disorders. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B, 2008, 9(4): 319-323.
11.	Harding J, Sebag F, Sierra M, et al. Thyroid surgery: Postoperative hemato-ma– prevention and treatment. Langenbecks Arch Surg, 2006, 391: 169-173.
12.	Abbas G, Dubner S, Heller KS. Re-operation for bleeding after thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy. Head and Neck, 2001, 23(7): 544-546.
13.	Ardito G, Revelli L, Guidi ML, et al. [Drainage in thyroid surgery].Annali Italiani di Chirugia, 1999, 70(4): 511-517.
14.	Daou R. [Thyroidectomy without drainage]. Chirurgie,memoires dr l’Academie de chirugie, 1997, 122(7): 408-410.
15.	Palestini N, Tulletti V, Cestino L, et al. [Post-thyroidectomy cervical hematoma]. Minerva Chirurgica, 2005, 60(1): 37-46.
16.	Shaha AR, Jaffe BM. Practical management of post-thyroidectomy hematoma. Journal of Surgical Oncology, 1994, 57(4): 235-238.
17.	Willy C, Steinbronn S, Sterk J, et al. Drainage systems in thyroid surgery: a randomized trial of passive and suction drainage. European Journal of Surgery, 1998, 164(12): 935-940.
18.	Ernst R, Wiemer C, Rembs E, et al. Local effects and changes in wound drainage in the free peritoneal cavity. Langenbecks Archiv fur Chirugie, 1997, 382(6): 380-392.
19.	Mannell C. Respiratory obstruction after thyroidectomy. A report of 2 cases. South African Journal of Surgery, 1989, 27(4): 141-143.
20.	Martis C, Athanassiades S. Post-thyroidectomy laryngeal edema. A survey of fifty- four cases. Amercian Journal of Surgery, 1971, 122(1): 58-60.
21.	Tabaqchali MA, Hanson JM, Proud G. Drains for thyroidectomy/ parathyroidectomy: fact or fiction?. J Ann R Goll Surg Engl, 1999, 81(5): 302-305.
22.	Was MK, Valiulis AP, Hurst MK. Drains in thyroid and parathyroid surgery.Are they necessary?. J Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 1995, 121(9): 981-983.
23.	Shaha AR, Jaffe BM. Selective use of drains in thyroid surgery. J Surg Oncol, 1993, 52(4): 241-243.
24.	Debry C, Renou G, Fingerhut A. Drainage after thyroid surgery: a prospective randomized study. J Laryngol Otol, 1999, 113(1): 49-51.
25.	Musa AA, Agboola OJ, Banjo AA, et al. The use of drains in thyroid surgery. J Niger postgrad Med J, 2010, 17(1): 15-18.
26.	Suslu N, Vural S, Oncel M, et al. Is the insertion of drains after uncomplicated thyroid surgery always necessary?. J Surg Tody, 2006, 36(3): 215-218.
27.	Peix JL, Teboul F, Feldman H, et al. Drainage after thyroidectomy: a randomized clinical trial. J Int Surg, 1992, 77(2): 122-124.
28.	Ahluwalia S, Hannan SA, Mehrzad H, et al. A randomized controlled trial of routine suction drainage after elective thyroid and parathyroid surgery with ultrasound evaluation of fluid collection. J Clin Otolaryngol, 2007, 32(1): 28-31.
29.	Tubergen D, Moning E, Richter A, et al. [Assessment of drain insertion in thyroid sur- gery?]. J Zentralbl Chir, 2001, 126(12): 960-963.
30.	Schoretsanitis G, Melissas J, Sanidas E, et al. Does draining the neck affect morbidity following thyroid surgery?. J AM Surg, 1998, 64(8): 778-780.
31.	Sanabria A, Carvalho AL, Silver CE, et al. Routine drainage after thyroid surgery-a meta-analysis. J Surg Oncol, 2007, 96(3): 273-280.
32.	Khanna J, Mohil RS, Chintamani, et al. Is the routine drainage after surgery for thyroid necessary? A prospective randomized clinical study [ISRCTN63623153]. J BMC Surg, 2005, 5(1): 11.
33.	Dotzenrath Cm, Cupisti K, Raffel A, et al. Do Germans keep patients too long in hospital? A prospective randomized trial. World J Surg, 2005, 29(9): 1189-1193.
34.	Collis N, Mcguiness CM, Batchelor AG. Drainage in brest reduction surgery: a pro- spective randomized intra-patient trail. J British Journal of Plastic Surgery, 2005, 58(3): 286-289.
35.	Pothier DD. The use of drains following thyroid and parathyroid surgery: a meta- annlysis. J Laryngol otol, 2005, 119(9): 669-671.
36.	Higgins JPT, Green S, editors. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews for Inter- ventions 5.1.2 [updated March 2011]. http://www.cochrane.org/resources/ handbook /hbook.htm (accessed 2011).
37.	Macaskill P, Walter SD, Irwig L. A comparison of methods to detect publication bias in meta-analysis. Statistics in Medicine, 2001, 20(4): 641-654.
38.	Pietrzak WS, Yoo J. Evaluation of postoperative drainage with application of platelet- rich and platelet-poor plasma after hemithyroidectomy: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery, 2009, 20(3): 978-979.
39.	Yoo J, Roth K, Hughes B, et al. Evaluation of Postoperative drainage with application of platelet-rich and platelet-poor plasma following hemithyroidectomy: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Head Neck, 2008, 30(12): 1552-1558.
40.	Uwiera TC, Uwiera RR, Seikaly H, et al. Tisseel and its effects on wound drainage post-thyroidectomy: prospective,randomized, blinded, controlled study. J Otolaryngol, 2005, 34(6): 374-378.
41.	Harris JR, Uwiera T, Seikaly H. Tisseel to reduce post thyroidectomy wound drainage: a randomized prospective clinical trial. International Conference on Head and Neck Cancer, 2004, 8: 7-11.
42.	Duonigi G, Boni L, Rovera F, et al. Wound morbidity in mini-invasive thyroidectomy. Surgical Endoscopy and Other Interventional Techniques, 2011, 25(1): 62-67.
43.	Ditzenrath CM, Cupisti K, Raffel A, et al. Do Germans keep patients too long in hospital? A prospective randomized trial. World J Surg, 2005, 29(9): 1189-1193.
44.	Avebia N, Sanguinetti A, Cirocchi R, et al. Antibiotic prophylaxis in thyroid surgery: a preliminary multicentric Italian experience. Ann Surg Innov Res, 2009, Aug 5, 3: 10.
45.	顧愛蓮, 舟歡. 兩種負壓引流裝置用于甲狀腺術后引流的效果比較. 解放軍護理雜志, 2010, 27(2A): 232-233.
46.	劉敏. 甲狀腺次全切除術不同引流方法效果評價. 醫學信息, 2011, 2: 424-424.
47.	Liardo G, Debry C, Renou G. The role of drainage in thyroid surgery-Preliminary results of a randomized trial. Endocrinology & Metabolism Surgery, 1994, 12: 181- 184.
48.	Neary PM, O’Connor OJ, Shafiq A, et al. Can we abandon using drains following thyroid surgery? -a prospective randomized clinical study. Irish Journal of Medical Science, 2009, Sept: 4-5.
49.	Dimov R, Ali M,Uchikov A, et al. [Drainage in thyroid surgery-prospective randomized study]. Khirurgiia (Sofiia), 2006, (2): 28-30.
50.	Mok Co, King WWK, Paterson-Brown S, et al. Suction drainage after thyroidectomy is it necessary?. Third International Conference on Head and Neck cancer, San Francisco. San Francisco, 1992.
51.	De Salvo L, Razzetta F, Tassone U, et al. [The role of drainage and antibiotic prophylaxis in thyroid surgery]. Minerva Chirurgica, 1998, 53(11): 895-898.
52.	Pezzullo L, Chiofalo MG, Caraco C, et al. Drainage in thyroid surgery: a prospective randomized clinical study. Chir Ital, 2001, 53(3): 345-347.
53.	Giovannini C, De Milito R, Pronio A, et al. Use of drainage in thyroid surgery. Chirurgia, 1999, 12(6): 419-421.
54.	De Salvo L, Arezzo A, Razzetta F, et al. [Connection between the type of drainage and sepisis in thyroid surgery]. Ann Ital Chir, 1998, 69(2): 165-167.
55.	Ayyash K, Khammash M, Tibblin S. Drain vs. no drain in primary thyroid and para- thyroid surgery. Eur J Surg, 1991, 157(2): 113-114.
56.	Kristoffersson A, Sandzen B, Jarhult J. Drainage in uncomplicated thyroid and parathyroid surgery. Br J Surg, 1986, 73(2): 121-122.
57.	Wihlborg O, Bergljung L, Martensson H. To drain or not to drain in thyroid surgery. A controlled clinical study. Arch Surg, 1988, 123(1): 40-41.
58.	Hurtado-Lopez LM, Lopez-Romero S, Rizzo-Fuentes C, et al. Selective use of drains in thyroid surgery. Head Neck, 2001, 23(3): 189-193.
59.	Lee SW, Choi EC, Lee YM, et al. Is lack of placement of drains after thyroidectomy with central neck dissection safe? A prospective, randomized study. Laryngoscope, 2006, 116(9): 1632-1635.
60.	Schwarz W, Willy C, Ndjee C. [Gravity or suction drainage in thyroid surgery? Control of efficacy with ultrasound determination of residual hematoma]. Langenbecks Archiv fur Chirurgie, 1996, 381(6): 337-342.
61.	Teboul F, Peix JL, Guibaud L, et al. [Prophylactic drainage after thyroidectomy: a ran- domized trial]. Annales de Chirurgie, 1992, 46(10): 902-904.
62.	Morrissey AT, Chau J, Yunker WK, et al. Comparison of drain versus no drain thyroid- dectomy: randomized prospective clinical trial. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2008, 37(1): 43-47.
63.	Brudermanns B, Teymoortash A, Neumann HJ. Routine suction drainage after thyroid and parathyroid surgery is not necessary.Laryngo-Rhino-Otologie, 2007, 86(8): 560-561.
64.	Corsten M, Johnson S, Alherabi A. Is suction drainage an effective means of preventing hematoma in thyroid surgery? A meta-analysis. J Otolaryngol, 2005, 34(6): 415-417.
65.	Samraj K, Gurusamy KS. Wound drains following thyroid surgery.Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2007, 17(4): CD006099.

1. Yeung MJ, Serpell JW. Management of the solitary thyroid nodule.Oncologist, 2008, 13(2): 105-112.
2. Tae HJ, Lim DJ, Baek KH, et al. Diagnostic value of ultrasonography to distinguish between benign and malignant lesions in the management of thyroid nodules. Thyroid, 2007, 17(5): 461-466.
3. Dean DS, Gharib H. Epidemiology of thyroid nodules. Best Pract Res Clin Endo crinol Metab, 2008, 22(6): 901-911.
4. Schneider AB, Bekerman C, Lelang J, et al. Thyroid nodules in the follow-up of irra diated individuals: comparison of thyroid ultrasound with scanning and palpation. Clin Endocrinol Metab, 1997, 82: 4020-4027.
5. Lundgren E, Rastad J, Thurfjell E, et al. Population-based screening for primary hyper parathyroidism with serum calcium and parathyroid hormone values in menopausal women. Surgery, 1997, 121: 287-294.
6. Herranz J, Latorre J. [Drainage in thyroid and parathyroid surgery]. J Acta Otorrino- laringol Esp, 2007, 58(1): 7-9.
7. Bergamaschi R, Becouam G, Ronceray J, et al. Morbidity of thyroid surgery. J Am J Surg, 1998, 176(1): 71-75.
8. Kennedy SA, Irvine RA, Westerberg BD, et al. Meta-analysis: prophylactic drainage and bleeding complications in thyroid surgery. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2008, 37(6): 768-773.
9. Shandilya M, Kieran S, Walshe P, et al. Cervical haematoma after thyroid surgery. Management and Prevention, 2006, 99(9): 266-268.
10. Colak T, Akca T, Turkmenoglu O, et al. Drainage after total thyroidectomy or lobectomy for benign thyroidal disorders. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B, 2008, 9(4): 319-323.
11. Harding J, Sebag F, Sierra M, et al. Thyroid surgery: Postoperative hemato-ma– prevention and treatment. Langenbecks Arch Surg, 2006, 391: 169-173.
12. Abbas G, Dubner S, Heller KS. Re-operation for bleeding after thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy. Head and Neck, 2001, 23(7): 544-546.
13. Ardito G, Revelli L, Guidi ML, et al. [Drainage in thyroid surgery].Annali Italiani di Chirugia, 1999, 70(4): 511-517.
14. Daou R. [Thyroidectomy without drainage]. Chirurgie,memoires dr l’Academie de chirugie, 1997, 122(7): 408-410.
15. Palestini N, Tulletti V, Cestino L, et al. [Post-thyroidectomy cervical hematoma]. Minerva Chirurgica, 2005, 60(1): 37-46.
16. Shaha AR, Jaffe BM. Practical management of post-thyroidectomy hematoma. Journal of Surgical Oncology, 1994, 57(4): 235-238.
17. Willy C, Steinbronn S, Sterk J, et al. Drainage systems in thyroid surgery: a randomized trial of passive and suction drainage. European Journal of Surgery, 1998, 164(12): 935-940.
18. Ernst R, Wiemer C, Rembs E, et al. Local effects and changes in wound drainage in the free peritoneal cavity. Langenbecks Archiv fur Chirugie, 1997, 382(6): 380-392.
19. Mannell C. Respiratory obstruction after thyroidectomy. A report of 2 cases. South African Journal of Surgery, 1989, 27(4): 141-143.
20. Martis C, Athanassiades S. Post-thyroidectomy laryngeal edema. A survey of fifty- four cases. Amercian Journal of Surgery, 1971, 122(1): 58-60.
21. Tabaqchali MA, Hanson JM, Proud G. Drains for thyroidectomy/ parathyroidectomy: fact or fiction?. J Ann R Goll Surg Engl, 1999, 81(5): 302-305.
22. Was MK, Valiulis AP, Hurst MK. Drains in thyroid and parathyroid surgery.Are they necessary?. J Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 1995, 121(9): 981-983.
23. Shaha AR, Jaffe BM. Selective use of drains in thyroid surgery. J Surg Oncol, 1993, 52(4): 241-243.
24. Debry C, Renou G, Fingerhut A. Drainage after thyroid surgery: a prospective randomized study. J Laryngol Otol, 1999, 113(1): 49-51.
25. Musa AA, Agboola OJ, Banjo AA, et al. The use of drains in thyroid surgery. J Niger postgrad Med J, 2010, 17(1): 15-18.
26. Suslu N, Vural S, Oncel M, et al. Is the insertion of drains after uncomplicated thyroid surgery always necessary?. J Surg Tody, 2006, 36(3): 215-218.
27. Peix JL, Teboul F, Feldman H, et al. Drainage after thyroidectomy: a randomized clinical trial. J Int Surg, 1992, 77(2): 122-124.
28. Ahluwalia S, Hannan SA, Mehrzad H, et al. A randomized controlled trial of routine suction drainage after elective thyroid and parathyroid surgery with ultrasound evaluation of fluid collection. J Clin Otolaryngol, 2007, 32(1): 28-31.
29. Tubergen D, Moning E, Richter A, et al. [Assessment of drain insertion in thyroid sur- gery?]. J Zentralbl Chir, 2001, 126(12): 960-963.
30. Schoretsanitis G, Melissas J, Sanidas E, et al. Does draining the neck affect morbidity following thyroid surgery?. J AM Surg, 1998, 64(8): 778-780.
31. Sanabria A, Carvalho AL, Silver CE, et al. Routine drainage after thyroid surgery-a meta-analysis. J Surg Oncol, 2007, 96(3): 273-280.
32. Khanna J, Mohil RS, Chintamani, et al. Is the routine drainage after surgery for thyroid necessary? A prospective randomized clinical study [ISRCTN63623153]. J BMC Surg, 2005, 5(1): 11.
33. Dotzenrath Cm, Cupisti K, Raffel A, et al. Do Germans keep patients too long in hospital? A prospective randomized trial. World J Surg, 2005, 29(9): 1189-1193.
34. Collis N, Mcguiness CM, Batchelor AG. Drainage in brest reduction surgery: a pro- spective randomized intra-patient trail. J British Journal of Plastic Surgery, 2005, 58(3): 286-289.
35. Pothier DD. The use of drains following thyroid and parathyroid surgery: a meta- annlysis. J Laryngol otol, 2005, 119(9): 669-671.
36. Higgins JPT, Green S, editors. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews for Inter- ventions 5.1.2 [updated March 2011]. http://www.cochrane.org/resources/ handbook /hbook.htm (accessed 2011).
37. Macaskill P, Walter SD, Irwig L. A comparison of methods to detect publication bias in meta-analysis. Statistics in Medicine, 2001, 20(4): 641-654.
38. Pietrzak WS, Yoo J. Evaluation of postoperative drainage with application of platelet- rich and platelet-poor plasma after hemithyroidectomy: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery, 2009, 20(3): 978-979.
39. Yoo J, Roth K, Hughes B, et al. Evaluation of Postoperative drainage with application of platelet-rich and platelet-poor plasma following hemithyroidectomy: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Head Neck, 2008, 30(12): 1552-1558.
40. Uwiera TC, Uwiera RR, Seikaly H, et al. Tisseel and its effects on wound drainage post-thyroidectomy: prospective,randomized, blinded, controlled study. J Otolaryngol, 2005, 34(6): 374-378.
41. Harris JR, Uwiera T, Seikaly H. Tisseel to reduce post thyroidectomy wound drainage: a randomized prospective clinical trial. International Conference on Head and Neck Cancer, 2004, 8: 7-11.
42. Duonigi G, Boni L, Rovera F, et al. Wound morbidity in mini-invasive thyroidectomy. Surgical Endoscopy and Other Interventional Techniques, 2011, 25(1): 62-67.
43. Ditzenrath CM, Cupisti K, Raffel A, et al. Do Germans keep patients too long in hospital? A prospective randomized trial. World J Surg, 2005, 29(9): 1189-1193.
44. Avebia N, Sanguinetti A, Cirocchi R, et al. Antibiotic prophylaxis in thyroid surgery: a preliminary multicentric Italian experience. Ann Surg Innov Res, 2009, Aug 5, 3: 10.
45. 顧愛蓮, 舟歡. 兩種負壓引流裝置用于甲狀腺術后引流的效果比較. 解放軍護理雜志, 2010, 27(2A): 232-233.
46. 劉敏. 甲狀腺次全切除術不同引流方法效果評價. 醫學信息, 2011, 2: 424-424.
47. Liardo G, Debry C, Renou G. The role of drainage in thyroid surgery-Preliminary results of a randomized trial. Endocrinology & Metabolism Surgery, 1994, 12: 181- 184.
48. Neary PM, O’Connor OJ, Shafiq A, et al. Can we abandon using drains following thyroid surgery? -a prospective randomized clinical study. Irish Journal of Medical Science, 2009, Sept: 4-5.
49. Dimov R, Ali M,Uchikov A, et al. [Drainage in thyroid surgery-prospective randomized study]. Khirurgiia (Sofiia), 2006, (2): 28-30.
50. Mok Co, King WWK, Paterson-Brown S, et al. Suction drainage after thyroidectomy is it necessary?. Third International Conference on Head and Neck cancer, San Francisco. San Francisco, 1992.
51. De Salvo L, Razzetta F, Tassone U, et al. [The role of drainage and antibiotic prophylaxis in thyroid surgery]. Minerva Chirurgica, 1998, 53(11): 895-898.
52. Pezzullo L, Chiofalo MG, Caraco C, et al. Drainage in thyroid surgery: a prospective randomized clinical study. Chir Ital, 2001, 53(3): 345-347.
53. Giovannini C, De Milito R, Pronio A, et al. Use of drainage in thyroid surgery. Chirurgia, 1999, 12(6): 419-421.
54. De Salvo L, Arezzo A, Razzetta F, et al. [Connection between the type of drainage and sepisis in thyroid surgery]. Ann Ital Chir, 1998, 69(2): 165-167.
55. Ayyash K, Khammash M, Tibblin S. Drain vs. no drain in primary thyroid and para- thyroid surgery. Eur J Surg, 1991, 157(2): 113-114.
56. Kristoffersson A, Sandzen B, Jarhult J. Drainage in uncomplicated thyroid and parathyroid surgery. Br J Surg, 1986, 73(2): 121-122.
57. Wihlborg O, Bergljung L, Martensson H. To drain or not to drain in thyroid surgery. A controlled clinical study. Arch Surg, 1988, 123(1): 40-41.
58. Hurtado-Lopez LM, Lopez-Romero S, Rizzo-Fuentes C, et al. Selective use of drains in thyroid surgery. Head Neck, 2001, 23(3): 189-193.
59. Lee SW, Choi EC, Lee YM, et al. Is lack of placement of drains after thyroidectomy with central neck dissection safe? A prospective, randomized study. Laryngoscope, 2006, 116(9): 1632-1635.
60. Schwarz W, Willy C, Ndjee C. [Gravity or suction drainage in thyroid surgery? Control of efficacy with ultrasound determination of residual hematoma]. Langenbecks Archiv fur Chirurgie, 1996, 381(6): 337-342.
61. Teboul F, Peix JL, Guibaud L, et al. [Prophylactic drainage after thyroidectomy: a ran- domized trial]. Annales de Chirurgie, 1992, 46(10): 902-904.
62. Morrissey AT, Chau J, Yunker WK, et al. Comparison of drain versus no drain thyroid- dectomy: randomized prospective clinical trial. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2008, 37(1): 43-47.
63. Brudermanns B, Teymoortash A, Neumann HJ. Routine suction drainage after thyroid and parathyroid surgery is not necessary.Laryngo-Rhino-Otologie, 2007, 86(8): 560-561.
64. Corsten M, Johnson S, Alherabi A. Is suction drainage an effective means of preventing hematoma in thyroid surgery? A meta-analysis. J Otolaryngol, 2005, 34(6): 415-417.
65. Samraj K, Gurusamy KS. Wound drains following thyroid surgery.Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2007, 17(4): CD006099.

《中國循證醫學雜志》

甲狀腺、甲狀旁腺術后常規引流的系統評價

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《中國循證醫學雜志》

甲狀腺、甲狀旁腺術后常規引流的系統評價

摘要 全文 圖表 視頻 參考文獻 施引文獻 補充材料

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摘要全文圖表視頻參考文獻施引文獻補充材料