LIU Mei 1,2 , XIONG Shiwen 2 , WANG Qing 2 , ZHOU Han 2 , HE Junji 2 , ZHENG Hang 2 , LI Hanluo 2 , WEI Yanhong 2 , SHANG Xiaoke 2,3
  • 1. Department of Clinical Nutrition, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, 430022, P. R. China;
  • 2. School of Life and Health Sciences, Hubei University of Technology, National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Wuhan (China-Serbia) Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Cardiodynamics and Assistive Technology Laboratory, Wuhan, 430068, P. R. China;
  • 3. Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, P. R. China;
SHANG Xiaoke, Email: sxs_sxk@163.com
Burden of disease; epidemiology; disability-adjusted life years; age-standardized rate; risk factors; Global Burden of Disease Study
10.7507/1007-4848.202604088
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Objective To analyze the global pattern, long-term trends, and regional and population heterogeneity in the burden of 375 diseases and injuries and 88 risk factors from 1990 to 2023 using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023 (GBD 2023). Methods Publicly available GBD 2023 estimates were extracted for incidence, deaths, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and age-standardized rates at the global level and by socio-demographic index (SDI), GBD region, age group, and sex. Descriptive analysis, ranking comparison, stratified analysis, and trend analysis were performed, and 95% uncertainty interval was used to assess the stability of estimates. Results In 2023, non-communicable diseases were the leading contributor to global DALYs, accounting for 64.39% of DALYs across the three major disease and injury groups (communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases, non-communicable diseases, and injuries), and also had the highest age-standardized DALYs rate. From 1990 to 2023, age-standardized DALYs rates declined for three major disease and injury groups, with estimated annual percentage changes of ?2.69%, ?0.78%, and ?1.47%, respectively. Cardiovascular diseases ranked first by both DALYs and deaths in 2023, whereas respiratory infections and tuberculosis ranked first by incidence. Non-communicable diseases were the leading cause of disease burden across all SDI strata. As the SDI level declined, the burden of communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases, as well as injuries, increased markedly. Behavioral and metabolic risks remained the main contributors to attributable deaths and DALYs. Conclusion From 1990 to 2023, the global burden of disease continues to shift toward non-communicable diseases; however, some regions still face a double burden of infectious, maternal and child, injury-related, and chronic diseases. Integrating deaths, DALYs, YLLs, YLDs, and risk-attributable burden helps identify priority areas for prevention and resource allocation across regions and populations.

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