Research progress on the role and mechanism of adiponectin in osteoarthritis_West China Medical Journal

Authors：

LUO Yan ^1,2 , TONG Yingrui ^1,2 , YANG Jinghang ^1,2 ,  FU Changlong ^1,2

1. College and Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P. R. China;
2. Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P. R. China;

Corresponding?author：

FU Changlong, Email: 993001232@qq.com

Keywords：

Adiponectin; osteoarthritis; articular cartilage; inflammatory mediators

DOI：

10.7507/1002-0179.202507308

Video：

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Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a widespread joint disease that currently lacks a curative treatment. The critical role of metabolic and immune dysregulation in disrupting joint homeostasis has become a new consensus in the pathogenesis of OA. Adiponectin can influence joint inflammation and bone/cartilage homeostasis through interactions with joint cells such as chondrocytes and synovial fibroblasts, and is considered a potential therapeutic target for OA. This article summarizes the structure of adiponectin and reviews the correlations between adiponectin and inflammatory response, oxidative stress, autophagy, bone metabolism, and abnormal angiogenesis in the pathological process of OA, aiming to provide a scientific basis for further research and clinical application of adiponectin in OA.

Citation： LUO Yan, TONG Yingrui, YANG Jinghang, FU Changlong. Research progress on the role and mechanism of adiponectin in osteoarthritis. West China Medical Journal, 2026, 41(5): 861-866. doi: 10.7507/1002-0179.202507308 Copy

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2.	郭磊, 牛嘯博. 骨性關節炎藥物治療的研究進展. 內蒙古醫學雜志, 2022, 54(8): 934-937.
3.	Tong L, Yu H, Huang X, et al. Current understanding of osteoarthritis pathogenesis and relevant new approaches. Bone Res, 2022, 10(1): 60.
4.	Moulin D, Sellam J, Berenbaum F, et al. The role of the immune system in osteoarthritis: mechanisms, challenges and future directions. Nat Rev Rheumatol, 2025, 21(4): 221-236.
5.	De Roover A, Escribano-Nú?ez A, Monteagudo S, et al. Fundamentals of osteoarthritis: inflammatory mediators in osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 2023, 31(10): 1303-1311.
6.	B?a?ejewska W, D?browska J, Micha?owska J, et al. The role of adiponectin and ADIPOQ variation in metabolic syndrome: a narrative review. Genes (Basel), 2025, 16(6): 699.
7.	何智慧. 脂聯素調節代謝的作用機制研究. 生物化工, 2021, 7(4): 142-143.
8.	Goh IY, Ghosh U, Harasymowicz NS. Advancements in understanding the role of obesity in osteoarthritis. Connect Tissue Res, 2025, 66(5): 345-351.
9.	Elnemr R, El Hamid MMA, Taleb RSZ, et al. Study of adiponectin gene (rs1501299) polymorphism and serum adiponectin level in patients with primary knee osteoarthritis. Hum Genomics, 2024, 18(1): 105.
10.	Economou A, Mallia I, Fioravanti A, et al. The role of adipokines between genders in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Int J Mol Sci, 2024, 25(19): 10865.
11.	Binvignat M, Sellam J, Berenbaum F, et al. The role of obesity and adipose tissue dysfunction in osteoarthritis pain. Nat Rev Rheumatol, 2024, 20(9): 565-584.
12.	Gianopoulos I, Mantzoros CS, Daskalopoulou SS. Adiponectin and adiponectin receptors in atherosclerosis. Endocr Rev, 2025, 46(1): 1-25.
13.	Abdalla MMI. Therapeutic potential of adiponectin in prediabetes: strategies, challenges, and future directions. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab, 2024, 15: 20420188231222371.
14.	Ko CY, Lin YY, Achudhan D, et al. Omentin-1 ameliorates the progress of osteoarthritis by promoting IL-4-dependent anti-inflammatory responses and M2 macrophage polarization. IntJ Biol Sci, 2023, 19(16): 5275-5289.
15.	劉王琪, 孫艷, 孫朋. 脂肪因子調控軟骨功能在運動改善關節炎中的作用機制研究進展. 生命科學, 2021, 33(5): 593-604.
16.	Farrag Y, Farrag M, Varela-García M, et al. Adipokines as potential pharmacological targets for immune inflammatory rheumatic diseases: focus on rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and intervertebral disc degeneration. Pharmacol Res, 2024, 205: 107219.
17.	Zheng S, Ren J, Gong S, et al. CTRP9 protects against MIA-induced inflammation and knee cartilage damage by deactivating the MAPK/NF-κB pathway in rats with osteoarthritis. Open Life Sci, 2020, 15(1): 971-980.
18.	Tang Q, Hu ZC, Shen LY, et al. Association of osteoarthritis and circulating adiponectin levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lipids Health Dis, 2018, 17(1): 189.
19.	Honsawek S, Chayanupatkul M. Correlation of plasma and synovial fluid adiponectin with knee osteoarthritis severity. Arch Med Res, 2010, 41(8): 593-598.
20.	Zhang C, Lin Y, Yan CH, et al. Adipokine signaling pathways in osteoarthritis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol, 2022, 10: 865370.
21.	Tu C, He J, Wu B, et al. An extensive review regarding the adipokines in the pathogenesis and progression of osteoarthritis. Cytokine, 2019, 113: 1-12.
22.	Czerewaty M, ??czna M, Kie?bowski K, et al. The effect of plasma cytokines on the expression of adiponectin and its receptors in the synovial membrane of joints and the infrapatellar fat pad in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat, 2024, 172: 106824.
23.	Choi HM, Doss HM, Kim KS. Multifaceted physiological roles of adiponectin in inflammation and diseases. Int J Mol Sci, 2020, 21(4): 1219.
24.	Neumeier M, Weigert J, Sch?ffler A, et al. Different effects of adiponectin isoforms in human monocytic cells. J Leukoc Biol, 2006, 79(4): 803-808.
25.	Szumilas K, Szumilas P, S?uczanowska-G??bowska S, et al. Role of adiponectin in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Mol Sci, 2020, 21(21): 8265.
26.	Song H, Chan J, Rovin BH. Induction of chemokine expression by adiponectin in vitro is isoform dependent. Transl Res, 2009, 154(1): 18-26.
27.	Gianoli S, Tang J, Odegard KC, et al. Harnessing adiponectin for sepsis: current knowledge, clinical insights and future therapies. Crit Care, 2025, 29(1): 300.
28.	Grewal T, Buechler C. Physiological activities of adiponectin provide therapeutic opportunities in sepsis. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed), 2025, 30(6): 26129.
29.	Kumari S, Peela S, Srilatha M, et al. Adiponectin: its role in diabetic and pancreatic cancer. Mol Aspects Med, 2025, 103: 101370.
30.	Xu H, Kang JH, Choi SE, et al. Increased adiponectin levels are associated with higher radiographic scores in the knee joint, but not in the hand joint. Sci Rep, 2021, 11(1): 1842.
31.	Jin X, Wang Y. Mechanisms of adiponectin in regulation of proinflammatory cytokine production and migration in macrophages. J Inflamm Res, 2021, 14: 981-993.
32.	Zeng Y, Liang H, Guo Y, et al. Adiponectin regulates osteocytic MLO-Y4 cell apoptosis in a high-glucose environment through the AMPK/FoxO3a signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol, 2021, 236(10): 7088-7096.
33.	Zhang Z, Guo L, Yang F, et al. Adiponectin attenuates splenectomy-induced cognitive deficits by neuroinflammation and oxidative stress via TLR4/MyD88/NF-κb signaling pathway in aged rats. ACS Chem Neurosci, 2023, 14(10): 1799-1809.
34.	Zhang S, Wu X, Wang J, et al. Adiponectin/AdiopR1 signaling prevents mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative injury after traumatic brain injury in a SIRT3 dependent manner. Redox Biol, 2022, 54: 102390.
35.	Gao J, Feng Z, Wang X, et al. SIRT3/SOD2 maintains osteoblast differentiation and bone formation by regulating mitochondrial stress. Cell Death Differ, 2018, 25(2): 229-240.
36.	Li Q, Tan JX, He Y, et al. Atractylenolide III ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by activating hepatic adiponectin receptor 1-mediated AMPK pathway. Int J Biol Sci, 2022, 18(4): 1594-1611.
37.	Wang Z, Tang J, Li Y, et al. AdipoRon promotes diabetic fracture repair through endochondral ossification-based bone repair by enhancing survival and differentiation of chondrocytes. Exp Cell Res, 2020, 387(2): 111757.
38.	徐曉宏. 脂聯素通過 NF-κB/NLRP3 信號通路改善肥胖相關性腎病足細胞損傷的機制研究. 蘇州: 蘇州大學, 2022.
39.	郭耀文, 渠鵬霞, 胡希鑒, 等. 脂聯素對 2 型糖尿病大鼠骨髓微環境氧化應激水平及骨吸收的影響. 中華骨質疏松和骨礦鹽疾病雜志, 2019, 12(4): 369-376.
40.	杜發旺, 王紀人, 劉興會, 等. p38 MAPK 在高糖高脂誘導的心肌細胞損傷及氧化應激中的作用研究. 現代醫藥衛生, 2023, 39(12): 1981-1986, 1992.
41.	陳貴平. 脂聯素通過 AMPK 通路調節破骨細胞形成和骨吸收功能. 南昌: 南昌大學, 2019.
42.	Li R, Du J, Yao Y, et al. Adiponectin inhibits high glucose-induced angiogenesis via inhibiting autophagy in RF/6A cells. J Cell Physiol, 2019, 234(11): 20566-20576.
43.	Essick EE, Wilson RM, Pimentel DR, et al. Adiponectin modulates oxidative stress-induced autophagy in cardiomyocytes. PLoS One, 2013, 8(7): e68697.
44.	劉聰, 孔燕明, 姚澤龍, 等. 脂聯素對動物細胞增殖和程序性死亡調控作用的研究進展. 黑龍江畜牧獸醫, 2024(5): 26-30.
45.	He K, Nie L, Ali T, et al. Adiponectin alleviated Alzheimer-like pathologies via autophagy-lysosomal activation. Aging Cell, 2021, 20(12): e13514.
46.	Duan ZX, Tu C, Liu Q, et al. Adiponectin receptor agonist AdipoRon attenuates calcification of osteoarthritis chondrocytes by promoting autophagy. J Cell Biochem, 2020, 121(5/6): 3333-3344.
47.	Li C, Zhang J, Dionigi G, et al. Adiponectin inhibits the progression of obesity-associated papillary thyroid carcinoma through autophagy. Endocrinology, 2024, 165(5): bqae030.
48.	Feng X, Xiao J, Bai L. Role of adiponectin in osteoarthritis. Front Cell Dev Biol, 2022, 10: 992764.
49.	Francin PJ, Abot A, Guillaume C, et al. Association between adiponectin and cartilage degradation in human osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 2014, 22(3): 519-526.
50.	Luo XH, Guo LJ, Yuan LQ, et al. Adiponectin stimulates human osteoblasts proliferation and differentiation via the MAPK signaling pathway. Exp Cell Res, 2005, 309(1): 99-109.
51.	Harun NH, Froemming GRA, Mohd Ismail A, et al. Osteoblast demineralization induced by oxidized high-density lipoprotein via the inflammatory pathway is suppressed by adiponectin. Int J Mol Sci, 2022, 23(23): 14616.
52.	Liu H, Liu S, Ji H, et al. An adiponectin receptor agonist promote osteogenesis via regulating bone-fat balance. Cell Prolif, 2021, 54(6): e13035.
53.	Pal China S, Sanyal S, Chattopadhyay N. Adiponectin signaling and its role in bone metabolism. Cytokine, 2018, 112: 116-131.
54.	秦藝菲, 易周萍, 茆敏, 等. 基于軟骨下骨重塑異常探討骨關節炎疼痛的發病機制. 中醫研究, 2025, 38(8): 1-4.
55.	Martín-Márquez BT, Sandoval-García F, Corona-Meraz FI, et al. Osteopontin: a bone-derived protein involved in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis immunopathology. Biomolecules, 2023, 13(3): 502.
56.	劉映鴻, 伊亞婷. 血管生成在骨關節炎中的作用機制及治療啟示. 中國組織工程研究, 2023, 27(2): 307-313.
57.	He Y, Bundkirchen K, Taheri S, et al. Increased vascularization of the subchondral region in human osteoarthritic femoral head in the elderly. Histochem Cell Biol, 2025, 163(1): 39.
58.	Gong X, Tang H, Dai J, et al. Biomimetic nanomaterials for osteoarthritis treatment: targeting cartilage, subchondral bone, and synovium. Adv Nanobiomed Res, 2024, 4(12): 1-26.
59.	??czna M, Kopytko P, Tkacz M, et al. Adiponectin is a component of the inflammatory cascade in rheumatoid arthritis. J Clin Med, 2022, 11(10): 2740.
60.	李玉成. 脂聯素通過 AdipoR1/AdipoR2/APPL-1 對血管內皮細胞的保護機制研究. 長春: 吉林大學, 2024.
61.	袁靜, 程楊陽, 李紅梅, 等. 脂聯素通過 NF-κB 通路調節高糖所致內皮細胞損傷的保護作用. 中國免疫學雜志, 2024, 40(2): 247-251.
62.	Huang CC, Law YY, Liu SC, et al. Adiponectin promotes VEGF expression in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts and induces endothelial progenitor cell angiogenesis by inhibiting miR-106a-5p. Cells, 2021, 10(10): 2627.
63.	Nigro E, Mallardo M, Polito R, et al. Adiponectin and leptin exert antagonizing effects on HUVEC tube formation and migration modulating the expression of CXCL1, VEGF, MMP-2 and MMP-9. Int J Mol Sci, 2021, 22(14): 7516.
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1. Leifer VP, Katz JN, Losina E. The burden of OA-health services and economics. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 2022, 30(1): 10-16.
2. 郭磊, 牛嘯博. 骨性關節炎藥物治療的研究進展. 內蒙古醫學雜志, 2022, 54(8): 934-937.
3. Tong L, Yu H, Huang X, et al. Current understanding of osteoarthritis pathogenesis and relevant new approaches. Bone Res, 2022, 10(1): 60.
4. Moulin D, Sellam J, Berenbaum F, et al. The role of the immune system in osteoarthritis: mechanisms, challenges and future directions. Nat Rev Rheumatol, 2025, 21(4): 221-236.
5. De Roover A, Escribano-Nú?ez A, Monteagudo S, et al. Fundamentals of osteoarthritis: inflammatory mediators in osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 2023, 31(10): 1303-1311.
6. B?a?ejewska W, D?browska J, Micha?owska J, et al. The role of adiponectin and ADIPOQ variation in metabolic syndrome: a narrative review. Genes (Basel), 2025, 16(6): 699.
7. 何智慧. 脂聯素調節代謝的作用機制研究. 生物化工, 2021, 7(4): 142-143.
8. Goh IY, Ghosh U, Harasymowicz NS. Advancements in understanding the role of obesity in osteoarthritis. Connect Tissue Res, 2025, 66(5): 345-351.
9. Elnemr R, El Hamid MMA, Taleb RSZ, et al. Study of adiponectin gene (rs1501299) polymorphism and serum adiponectin level in patients with primary knee osteoarthritis. Hum Genomics, 2024, 18(1): 105.
10. Economou A, Mallia I, Fioravanti A, et al. The role of adipokines between genders in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Int J Mol Sci, 2024, 25(19): 10865.
11. Binvignat M, Sellam J, Berenbaum F, et al. The role of obesity and adipose tissue dysfunction in osteoarthritis pain. Nat Rev Rheumatol, 2024, 20(9): 565-584.
12. Gianopoulos I, Mantzoros CS, Daskalopoulou SS. Adiponectin and adiponectin receptors in atherosclerosis. Endocr Rev, 2025, 46(1): 1-25.
13. Abdalla MMI. Therapeutic potential of adiponectin in prediabetes: strategies, challenges, and future directions. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab, 2024, 15: 20420188231222371.
14. Ko CY, Lin YY, Achudhan D, et al. Omentin-1 ameliorates the progress of osteoarthritis by promoting IL-4-dependent anti-inflammatory responses and M2 macrophage polarization. IntJ Biol Sci, 2023, 19(16): 5275-5289.
15. 劉王琪, 孫艷, 孫朋. 脂肪因子調控軟骨功能在運動改善關節炎中的作用機制研究進展. 生命科學, 2021, 33(5): 593-604.
16. Farrag Y, Farrag M, Varela-García M, et al. Adipokines as potential pharmacological targets for immune inflammatory rheumatic diseases: focus on rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and intervertebral disc degeneration. Pharmacol Res, 2024, 205: 107219.
17. Zheng S, Ren J, Gong S, et al. CTRP9 protects against MIA-induced inflammation and knee cartilage damage by deactivating the MAPK/NF-κB pathway in rats with osteoarthritis. Open Life Sci, 2020, 15(1): 971-980.
18. Tang Q, Hu ZC, Shen LY, et al. Association of osteoarthritis and circulating adiponectin levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lipids Health Dis, 2018, 17(1): 189.
19. Honsawek S, Chayanupatkul M. Correlation of plasma and synovial fluid adiponectin with knee osteoarthritis severity. Arch Med Res, 2010, 41(8): 593-598.
20. Zhang C, Lin Y, Yan CH, et al. Adipokine signaling pathways in osteoarthritis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol, 2022, 10: 865370.
21. Tu C, He J, Wu B, et al. An extensive review regarding the adipokines in the pathogenesis and progression of osteoarthritis. Cytokine, 2019, 113: 1-12.
22. Czerewaty M, ??czna M, Kie?bowski K, et al. The effect of plasma cytokines on the expression of adiponectin and its receptors in the synovial membrane of joints and the infrapatellar fat pad in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat, 2024, 172: 106824.
23. Choi HM, Doss HM, Kim KS. Multifaceted physiological roles of adiponectin in inflammation and diseases. Int J Mol Sci, 2020, 21(4): 1219.
24. Neumeier M, Weigert J, Sch?ffler A, et al. Different effects of adiponectin isoforms in human monocytic cells. J Leukoc Biol, 2006, 79(4): 803-808.
25. Szumilas K, Szumilas P, S?uczanowska-G??bowska S, et al. Role of adiponectin in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Mol Sci, 2020, 21(21): 8265.
26. Song H, Chan J, Rovin BH. Induction of chemokine expression by adiponectin in vitro is isoform dependent. Transl Res, 2009, 154(1): 18-26.
27. Gianoli S, Tang J, Odegard KC, et al. Harnessing adiponectin for sepsis: current knowledge, clinical insights and future therapies. Crit Care, 2025, 29(1): 300.
28. Grewal T, Buechler C. Physiological activities of adiponectin provide therapeutic opportunities in sepsis. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed), 2025, 30(6): 26129.
29. Kumari S, Peela S, Srilatha M, et al. Adiponectin: its role in diabetic and pancreatic cancer. Mol Aspects Med, 2025, 103: 101370.
30. Xu H, Kang JH, Choi SE, et al. Increased adiponectin levels are associated with higher radiographic scores in the knee joint, but not in the hand joint. Sci Rep, 2021, 11(1): 1842.
31. Jin X, Wang Y. Mechanisms of adiponectin in regulation of proinflammatory cytokine production and migration in macrophages. J Inflamm Res, 2021, 14: 981-993.
32. Zeng Y, Liang H, Guo Y, et al. Adiponectin regulates osteocytic MLO-Y4 cell apoptosis in a high-glucose environment through the AMPK/FoxO3a signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol, 2021, 236(10): 7088-7096.
33. Zhang Z, Guo L, Yang F, et al. Adiponectin attenuates splenectomy-induced cognitive deficits by neuroinflammation and oxidative stress via TLR4/MyD88/NF-κb signaling pathway in aged rats. ACS Chem Neurosci, 2023, 14(10): 1799-1809.
34. Zhang S, Wu X, Wang J, et al. Adiponectin/AdiopR1 signaling prevents mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative injury after traumatic brain injury in a SIRT3 dependent manner. Redox Biol, 2022, 54: 102390.
35. Gao J, Feng Z, Wang X, et al. SIRT3/SOD2 maintains osteoblast differentiation and bone formation by regulating mitochondrial stress. Cell Death Differ, 2018, 25(2): 229-240.
36. Li Q, Tan JX, He Y, et al. Atractylenolide III ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by activating hepatic adiponectin receptor 1-mediated AMPK pathway. Int J Biol Sci, 2022, 18(4): 1594-1611.
37. Wang Z, Tang J, Li Y, et al. AdipoRon promotes diabetic fracture repair through endochondral ossification-based bone repair by enhancing survival and differentiation of chondrocytes. Exp Cell Res, 2020, 387(2): 111757.
38. 徐曉宏. 脂聯素通過 NF-κB/NLRP3 信號通路改善肥胖相關性腎病足細胞損傷的機制研究. 蘇州: 蘇州大學, 2022.
39. 郭耀文, 渠鵬霞, 胡希鑒, 等. 脂聯素對 2 型糖尿病大鼠骨髓微環境氧化應激水平及骨吸收的影響. 中華骨質疏松和骨礦鹽疾病雜志, 2019, 12(4): 369-376.
40. 杜發旺, 王紀人, 劉興會, 等. p38 MAPK 在高糖高脂誘導的心肌細胞損傷及氧化應激中的作用研究. 現代醫藥衛生, 2023, 39(12): 1981-1986, 1992.
41. 陳貴平. 脂聯素通過 AMPK 通路調節破骨細胞形成和骨吸收功能. 南昌: 南昌大學, 2019.
42. Li R, Du J, Yao Y, et al. Adiponectin inhibits high glucose-induced angiogenesis via inhibiting autophagy in RF/6A cells. J Cell Physiol, 2019, 234(11): 20566-20576.
43. Essick EE, Wilson RM, Pimentel DR, et al. Adiponectin modulates oxidative stress-induced autophagy in cardiomyocytes. PLoS One, 2013, 8(7): e68697.
44. 劉聰, 孔燕明, 姚澤龍, 等. 脂聯素對動物細胞增殖和程序性死亡調控作用的研究進展. 黑龍江畜牧獸醫, 2024(5): 26-30.
45. He K, Nie L, Ali T, et al. Adiponectin alleviated Alzheimer-like pathologies via autophagy-lysosomal activation. Aging Cell, 2021, 20(12): e13514.
46. Duan ZX, Tu C, Liu Q, et al. Adiponectin receptor agonist AdipoRon attenuates calcification of osteoarthritis chondrocytes by promoting autophagy. J Cell Biochem, 2020, 121(5/6): 3333-3344.
47. Li C, Zhang J, Dionigi G, et al. Adiponectin inhibits the progression of obesity-associated papillary thyroid carcinoma through autophagy. Endocrinology, 2024, 165(5): bqae030.
48. Feng X, Xiao J, Bai L. Role of adiponectin in osteoarthritis. Front Cell Dev Biol, 2022, 10: 992764.
49. Francin PJ, Abot A, Guillaume C, et al. Association between adiponectin and cartilage degradation in human osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 2014, 22(3): 519-526.
50. Luo XH, Guo LJ, Yuan LQ, et al. Adiponectin stimulates human osteoblasts proliferation and differentiation via the MAPK signaling pathway. Exp Cell Res, 2005, 309(1): 99-109.
51. Harun NH, Froemming GRA, Mohd Ismail A, et al. Osteoblast demineralization induced by oxidized high-density lipoprotein via the inflammatory pathway is suppressed by adiponectin. Int J Mol Sci, 2022, 23(23): 14616.
52. Liu H, Liu S, Ji H, et al. An adiponectin receptor agonist promote osteogenesis via regulating bone-fat balance. Cell Prolif, 2021, 54(6): e13035.
53. Pal China S, Sanyal S, Chattopadhyay N. Adiponectin signaling and its role in bone metabolism. Cytokine, 2018, 112: 116-131.
54. 秦藝菲, 易周萍, 茆敏, 等. 基于軟骨下骨重塑異常探討骨關節炎疼痛的發病機制. 中醫研究, 2025, 38(8): 1-4.
55. Martín-Márquez BT, Sandoval-García F, Corona-Meraz FI, et al. Osteopontin: a bone-derived protein involved in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis immunopathology. Biomolecules, 2023, 13(3): 502.
56. 劉映鴻, 伊亞婷. 血管生成在骨關節炎中的作用機制及治療啟示. 中國組織工程研究, 2023, 27(2): 307-313.
57. He Y, Bundkirchen K, Taheri S, et al. Increased vascularization of the subchondral region in human osteoarthritic femoral head in the elderly. Histochem Cell Biol, 2025, 163(1): 39.
58. Gong X, Tang H, Dai J, et al. Biomimetic nanomaterials for osteoarthritis treatment: targeting cartilage, subchondral bone, and synovium. Adv Nanobiomed Res, 2024, 4(12): 1-26.
59. ??czna M, Kopytko P, Tkacz M, et al. Adiponectin is a component of the inflammatory cascade in rheumatoid arthritis. J Clin Med, 2022, 11(10): 2740.
60. 李玉成. 脂聯素通過 AdipoR1/AdipoR2/APPL-1 對血管內皮細胞的保護機制研究. 長春: 吉林大學, 2024.
61. 袁靜, 程楊陽, 李紅梅, 等. 脂聯素通過 NF-κB 通路調節高糖所致內皮細胞損傷的保護作用. 中國免疫學雜志, 2024, 40(2): 247-251.
62. Huang CC, Law YY, Liu SC, et al. Adiponectin promotes VEGF expression in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts and induces endothelial progenitor cell angiogenesis by inhibiting miR-106a-5p. Cells, 2021, 10(10): 2627.
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Research progress on the role and mechanism of adiponectin in osteoarthritis

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