Ethics considerations on brain-computer interface technology_Journal of Biomedical Engineering

Authors：

ZHANG Zhe ¹ , ZHAO Xu ¹ , MA Yixin ^2,3 , DING Peng ^2,3 , NAN Wenya ⁴ , GONG Anmin ⁵ ,  FU Yunfa ^2,3

1. School of Marxism, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China;
2. School of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China;
3. Brain Cognition and Brain-Computer Intelligence Integration Group, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China;
4. Department of Psychology, School of Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P. R. China;
5. College of Information Engineering, Engineering University of PAP, Xi’an 710000, P. R. China;

Corresponding?author：

Keywords：

Ethics for brain-computer interface; Informed consent right; Physical and mental health; User-centered; No harm to others and society

DOI：

10.7507/1001-5515.202208058

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The development and potential application of brain-computer interface (BCI) technology is closely related to the human brain, so that the ethical regulation of BCI has become an important issue attracting the consideration of society. Existing literatures have discussed the ethical norms of BCI technology from the perspectives of non-BCI developers and scientific ethics, while few discussions have been launched from the perspective of BCI developers. Therefore, there is a great need to study and discuss the ethical norms of BCI technology from the perspective of BCI developers. In this paper, we present the user-centered and non-harmful BCI technology ethics, and then discuss and look forward on them. This paper argues that human beings can cope with the ethical issues arising from BCI technology, and as BCI technology develops, its ethical norms will be improved continuously. It is expected that this paper can provide thoughts and references for the formulation of ethical norms related to BCI technology.

Citation： ZHANG Zhe, ZHAO Xu, MA Yixin, DING Peng, NAN Wenya, GONG Anmin, FU Yunfa. Ethics considerations on brain-computer interface technology. Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 2023, 40(2): 358-364. doi: 10.7507/1001-5515.202208058 Copy

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2.	伏云發, 龔安民, 南文雅. 神經反饋原理與實踐. 北京: 電子工業出版社, 2021: 33-34.
3.	伏云發, 楊秋紅, 徐保磊, 等. 腦-機接口原理與實踐. 北京: 國防工業出版社,2017: 5-6.
4.	伏云發, 王帆, 丁鵬, 等. 腦-計算機接口. 國防工業出版社, 北京: 2023: 631-646.
5.	呂曉彤, 丁鵬, 李思語, 等. 腦機接口人因工程及應用: 以人為中心的腦機接口設計和評價方法. 生物醫學工程學雜志, 2021, 38(2): 210-223.
6.	Lyu X , Ding P , Li S , et al. Human factors engineering of BCI: an evaluation for satisfaction of BCI based on motor imagery. Cognitive Neurodynamics, 2023, 17(1): 105-118.
7.	顧心怡, 陳少峰. 腦機接口的倫理問題研究. 科學技術哲學研究, 2021, 38(4): 79-85.
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9.	Liu K, Yu Y, Liu Y, et al. A novel brain-controlled wheelchair combined with computer vision and augmented reality. Biomedical Engineering Online, 2022, 21(1): 50.
10.	Wu Y L, Fang S C, Chen S C, et al. Effects of neurofeedback on fibromyalgia: a randomized controlled trial. Pain Management Nursing, 2021, 22(6): 755-763.
11.	肖峰. 腦機接口中的自我認同問題. 天津社會科學, 2022, 3(3): 23-32.
12.	張力新, 常美榕, 王仲朋, 等. SSSEP提升下肢MI-BCI系統性能及其多維腦電特征分析. 中國生物醫學工程學報, 2021, 40(4): 429-437.
13.	胡永林, 陸安民, 馬穎, 等. 腦機接口技術在腦卒中康復中的應用進展. 中華物理醫學與康復雜志, 2022, 44(4): 365-368.
14.	何艷, 張通. 腦機接口技術在慢性腦卒中患者上肢康復中的研究進展. 中國康復理論與實踐, 2021, 27(3): 277-281.
15.	Zabcikova M, Koudelkova Z, Jasek R, et al. Recent advances and current trends in brain-computer interface research and their applications. Int J Dev Neurosci, 2022, 82(2): 107-123.
16.	Esfandiari H, Troxler P, Hodel S, et al. Introducing a brain-computer interface to facilitate intraoperative medical imaging control-a feasibility study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 2022, 23(1): 701.
17.	黃文華. 生物3D打印在器官再造中的前沿熱點和研究進展. 器官移植, 2022, 13(2): 161-168.
18.	田貴鑫, 陳俊杰, 丁鵬, 等. 腦機接口中運動想象的執行與能力的評估和提高方法. 生物醫學工程學雜志, 2021, 38(3): 434-446.
19.	謝士遙, 湯佳貝, 蔡雨, 等. 腦電BCI系統的軟硬件開發平臺發展現狀. 電子測量與儀器學報, 2022, 36(6): 1-12.
20.	肖峰. 腦機接口的價值選擇: 治療還是增強?. 科學技術哲學研究, 2022, 39(4): 1-8.
21.	Sengupta S. Invasive brain computer interface systems and the right to human flourishing: extent of sufficiency of article 8 of the european convention of human rights to regulate invasive brain computer interface systems to ensure the right to human flourishing. Tilburg: Tilburg University, 2021.
22.	韓雨, 葛悅濤. 2020年人工智能領域科技發展綜述. 飛航導彈, 2021(4): 1-6.
23.	韓雨, 韓叢英. 2021年人工智能領域科技發展綜述. 戰術導彈技術, 2022(2): 42-51.
24.	Fiachra O, Bert G. Brain–computer interfaces and user responsibility. Berlin: Springer Publishing Company, 2014: 22-26.
25.	Nijboer F, Clausen J, Allison B Z, et al. The Asilomar survey: stakeholders' opinions on ethical issues related to brain-computer interfacing. Neuroethics, 2013, 6(3): 541-578.
26.	王高峰, 張志領. 算法倫理視域下的腦機接口倫理問題研究. 自然辯證法研究, 2022, 38(7): 68-73.
27.	Luo S, Rabbani Q, Crone N E. Brain-computer interface: applications to speech decoding and synthesis to augment communication. Neurotherapeutics, 2022, 19(1): 263-273.
28.	董煜陽, 龔安民, 丁鵬, 等. 一種新型結合下肢動覺運動想象和視覺運動想象的腦機接口. 南京大學學報: 自然科學, 2022, 58(3): 460-468.
29.	Pandarinath C, Bensmaia S J. The science and engineering behind sensitized brain-controlled bionic hands. Physiol Rev, 2022, 102(2): 551-604.
30.	Khan M A, Das R, Hansen J P, et al. Brain and behaviour computing. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021.
31.	伏云發, 龔安民, 陳超, 等. 面向實用的腦-機接口: 縮小研究與實際應用之間的差距. 北京: 電子工業出版社, 2022: 45-47.
32.	Bu J, Zhang X. Brain-computer interface research. Berlin: Springer Publishing Company, 2021: 66-68.
33.	Clausen J. Man, machine and in between. Nature. 2009, 457 (7233): 1080–1081.
34.	Haselager P, Vlek R, Hill J, et al. A note on ethical aspects of BCI. Neural Networks. 2009, 22 (9): 1352–1357.
35.	Tamburrini G. Brain to computer communication: ethical perspectives on interaction model. Neuroethics, 2009, 2(3): 137-149.
36.	Attiah M A, Farah M J. Minds, motherboards, and money: futurism and realism in the neuroethics of BCI technologies. Front Syst Neurosci, 2014, 8: 86.
37.	馬詩雯, 陳海丹. 消費級腦電圖產品的倫理問題及其應對策略. 自然辯證法通訊, 2022, 44(6): 85-93.

1. 伏云發, 郭衍龍, 張夏冰, 等. 腦-機接口—革命性的人機交互. 北京: 國防工業出版社, 2020: 52-56.
2. 伏云發, 龔安民, 南文雅. 神經反饋原理與實踐. 北京: 電子工業出版社, 2021: 33-34.
3. 伏云發, 楊秋紅, 徐保磊, 等. 腦-機接口原理與實踐. 北京: 國防工業出版社,2017: 5-6.
4. 伏云發, 王帆, 丁鵬, 等. 腦-計算機接口. 國防工業出版社, 北京: 2023: 631-646.
5. 呂曉彤, 丁鵬, 李思語, 等. 腦機接口人因工程及應用: 以人為中心的腦機接口設計和評價方法. 生物醫學工程學雜志, 2021, 38(2): 210-223.
6. Lyu X , Ding P , Li S , et al. Human factors engineering of BCI: an evaluation for satisfaction of BCI based on motor imagery. Cognitive Neurodynamics, 2023, 17(1): 105-118.
7. 顧心怡, 陳少峰. 腦機接口的倫理問題研究. 科學技術哲學研究, 2021, 38(4): 79-85.
8. Convie L J, Clements J M, McCain S, et al. Development of a core outcome set for informed consent for therapy: an international key stakeholder consensus study. BMC Medical Ethics, 2022, 23(1): 79-87.
9. Liu K, Yu Y, Liu Y, et al. A novel brain-controlled wheelchair combined with computer vision and augmented reality. Biomedical Engineering Online, 2022, 21(1): 50.
10. Wu Y L, Fang S C, Chen S C, et al. Effects of neurofeedback on fibromyalgia: a randomized controlled trial. Pain Management Nursing, 2021, 22(6): 755-763.
11. 肖峰. 腦機接口中的自我認同問題. 天津社會科學, 2022, 3(3): 23-32.
12. 張力新, 常美榕, 王仲朋, 等. SSSEP提升下肢MI-BCI系統性能及其多維腦電特征分析. 中國生物醫學工程學報, 2021, 40(4): 429-437.
13. 胡永林, 陸安民, 馬穎, 等. 腦機接口技術在腦卒中康復中的應用進展. 中華物理醫學與康復雜志, 2022, 44(4): 365-368.
14. 何艷, 張通. 腦機接口技術在慢性腦卒中患者上肢康復中的研究進展. 中國康復理論與實踐, 2021, 27(3): 277-281.
15. Zabcikova M, Koudelkova Z, Jasek R, et al. Recent advances and current trends in brain-computer interface research and their applications. Int J Dev Neurosci, 2022, 82(2): 107-123.
16. Esfandiari H, Troxler P, Hodel S, et al. Introducing a brain-computer interface to facilitate intraoperative medical imaging control-a feasibility study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 2022, 23(1): 701.
17. 黃文華. 生物3D打印在器官再造中的前沿熱點和研究進展. 器官移植, 2022, 13(2): 161-168.
18. 田貴鑫, 陳俊杰, 丁鵬, 等. 腦機接口中運動想象的執行與能力的評估和提高方法. 生物醫學工程學雜志, 2021, 38(3): 434-446.
19. 謝士遙, 湯佳貝, 蔡雨, 等. 腦電BCI系統的軟硬件開發平臺發展現狀. 電子測量與儀器學報, 2022, 36(6): 1-12.
20. 肖峰. 腦機接口的價值選擇: 治療還是增強?. 科學技術哲學研究, 2022, 39(4): 1-8.
21. Sengupta S. Invasive brain computer interface systems and the right to human flourishing: extent of sufficiency of article 8 of the european convention of human rights to regulate invasive brain computer interface systems to ensure the right to human flourishing. Tilburg: Tilburg University, 2021.
22. 韓雨, 葛悅濤. 2020年人工智能領域科技發展綜述. 飛航導彈, 2021(4): 1-6.
23. 韓雨, 韓叢英. 2021年人工智能領域科技發展綜述. 戰術導彈技術, 2022(2): 42-51.
24. Fiachra O, Bert G. Brain–computer interfaces and user responsibility. Berlin: Springer Publishing Company, 2014: 22-26.
25. Nijboer F, Clausen J, Allison B Z, et al. The Asilomar survey: stakeholders' opinions on ethical issues related to brain-computer interfacing. Neuroethics, 2013, 6(3): 541-578.
26. 王高峰, 張志領. 算法倫理視域下的腦機接口倫理問題研究. 自然辯證法研究, 2022, 38(7): 68-73.
27. Luo S, Rabbani Q, Crone N E. Brain-computer interface: applications to speech decoding and synthesis to augment communication. Neurotherapeutics, 2022, 19(1): 263-273.
28. 董煜陽, 龔安民, 丁鵬, 等. 一種新型結合下肢動覺運動想象和視覺運動想象的腦機接口. 南京大學學報: 自然科學, 2022, 58(3): 460-468.
29. Pandarinath C, Bensmaia S J. The science and engineering behind sensitized brain-controlled bionic hands. Physiol Rev, 2022, 102(2): 551-604.
30. Khan M A, Das R, Hansen J P, et al. Brain and behaviour computing. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021.
31. 伏云發, 龔安民, 陳超, 等. 面向實用的腦-機接口: 縮小研究與實際應用之間的差距. 北京: 電子工業出版社, 2022: 45-47.
32. Bu J, Zhang X. Brain-computer interface research. Berlin: Springer Publishing Company, 2021: 66-68.
33. Clausen J. Man, machine and in between. Nature. 2009, 457 (7233): 1080–1081.
34. Haselager P, Vlek R, Hill J, et al. A note on ethical aspects of BCI. Neural Networks. 2009, 22 (9): 1352–1357.
35. Tamburrini G. Brain to computer communication: ethical perspectives on interaction model. Neuroethics, 2009, 2(3): 137-149.
36. Attiah M A, Farah M J. Minds, motherboards, and money: futurism and realism in the neuroethics of BCI technologies. Front Syst Neurosci, 2014, 8: 86.
37. 馬詩雯, 陳海丹. 消費級腦電圖產品的倫理問題及其應對策略. 自然辯證法通訊, 2022, 44(6): 85-93.

Journal of Biomedical Engineering

Ethics considerations on brain-computer interface technology

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