Expert consensus on quality control for intravitreal injections in China (2026)_Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases

Authors：

 Fundus Disease Group of Ophthalmological Society of Chinese Medical Association ,  Fundus Disease Group of Ophthalmologist Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association ,  Expert Group of “Chinese Expert Consensus on Quality Control for Intravitreal Injections (2026)”

Corresponding?author：

Fundus Disease Group of Ophthalmological Society of Chinese Medical Association, Email: sawyer_young@sina.com; Fundus Disease Group of Ophthalmologist Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Email: dr_lixiaoxin@163.com; Expert Group of “Chinese Expert Consensus on Quality Control for Intravitreal Injections (2026)”, Email: drxuxun@sjtu.edu.cn

Keywords：

Fundus Disease; Intravitreal injection; Quality control; Evidence-based medicine; Expert consensus; Practical standard

DOI：

10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20260625-00273

Video：

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With the deepening understanding of various retinal diseases, intravitreal injection (IVI) has gradually become a first-line treatment for multiple retinal conditions, and its clinical application has shown rapid growth. Against the backdrop of continuous advancements in new anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents and corticosteroid implants, as well as the accumulation of clinical evidence, IVI faces new challenges in various aspects. These include perioperative disinfection and anesthesia, storage and handling of injection drugs, individualized dose adjustment, standardized injection procedures, prevention and management of postoperative adverse events, and comprehensive patient management throughout the treatment process. To standardize clinical practice, enhance medical quality, and ensure patient safety, Fundus Disease Group of Ophthalmological Society of Chinese Medical Association, Fundus Disease Group of Ophthalmologist Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, in collaboration with Expert Group of Chinese Expert Consensus on Quality Control for Intravitreal Injections (2026), after systematically reviewing the latest evidence-based medical data, referring to relevant international guidelines, and fully considering the current clinical practice situation in China, conducted in-depth discussions on eight key clinical issues related to IVI. This work was based on a systematic review of the latest evidence-based medical literature, international guidelines, and a thorough consideration of the current clinical practice in China. The quality control standard for intravitreal injections for fundus diseases in China (2015) has been comprehensively revised, resulting in the formulation of this quality control standard. This standard aims to provide standardized operational protocols for IVI to ophthalmologists and retinal specialists, offer evidence-based support for key clinical decisions, improve the quality management system for IVI in China, and effectively ensure patient treatment safety and efficacy.

Citation： Fundus Disease Group of Ophthalmological Society of Chinese Medical Association, Fundus Disease Group of Ophthalmologist Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Expert Group of “Chinese Expert Consensus on Quality Control for Intravitreal Injections (2026)”. Expert consensus on quality control for intravitreal injections in China (2026). Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases, 2026, 42(9): 739-751. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20260625-00273 Copy

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1. 中華醫學會眼科學分會眼底病學組. 我國視網膜病玻璃體腔注藥術質量控制標準[J]. 中華眼科雜志, 2015, 51(12): 892-895. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412-4081.2015.12.005.Ophthalmology Group of Chinese Medical Association's Ophthalmology Society. Quality control standards for vitreous cavity injection therapy for retinal diseases in China[J]. Chin J Ophthalmol, 2015, 51(12): 892-895. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412-4081.2015.12.005.
2. Flaxel CJ, Adelman RA, Bailey ST, et al. Age-related macular degeneration preferred practice pattern?[J]. Ophthalmology, 2020, 127(1): P1-P65. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2019.09.024.
3. 李筱榮, 黎曉新, 許迅. 一站式玻璃體腔注藥模式的建立與管理專家共識[J]. 中華眼底病雜志, 2023, 39(3): 187-193. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20230211-00041.Li XR, Li XX, Xun X. One-stop intravitreal injection model: expert consensus on establishment and management[J]. Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2023, 39(3): 187-193. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20230211-00041.
4. 《廣東省玻璃體腔注藥操作及質量控制規范》團體標準編寫組, 丁小燕. 廣東省玻璃體腔注藥操作及質量控制規范[J]. 眼科學報, 2025, 40(3): 223-230. DOI: 10.12419/24122605.Group Standards Team of SOP and Quality Control Standards for Intravitreal Injection in Guangdong, Ding XY. Standard operating procedure and quality control standards for intravitreal injection in Guangdong Province[J]. Eye Science, 2025, 40(3): 223-230. DOI: 10.12419/24122605.
5. 北京藥盾公益基金會眼科藥學專業委員會, 中國藥師協會藥物治療管理工作委員會, 中國醫療保健國際交流促進會臨床藥學分會. 玻璃體腔注射藥物的藥學服務專家共識[J]. 藥物不良反應雜志, 2025, 27(2): 65-78. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn114015-20241216-00206.Ophthalmic Pharmacy Professional Committee of Peking Safety Medicine Foundation, Medicine Therapy Management Working Committee of Chinese Pharmacists Association, Clinical Pharmacy Branch of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care. Expert consensus on pharmaceutical care for drugs administered by intravitreal injection[J]. Adverse Drug Reactions Journal, 2025, 27(2): 65-78. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn114015-20241216-00206.
6. Kessel L, Flesner P, Andresen J, et al. Antibiotic prevention of postcataract endophthalmitis: a systematic review and meta‐analysis[J]. Acta Ophthalmologica, 2015, 93(4): 303-317. DOI: 10.1111/aos.12684.
7. Aleksander-Ivanov Y, Cheidde L, Zago Filho LA. Antibiotic prophylaxis for preventing endophthalmitis after intravitreal injections: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Retina, 2026, 46(4): 575-586. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000004743.
8. Comcali S, Tasci YY, Onen M, et al. Endophthalmitis following intravitreal injections at a tertiary center: real-life data on incidence, risk factors, management strategies, and visual outcomes[J/OL]. BMC Ophthalmol, 2025, 25(1): 278[2025-05-07]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40335933/. DOI: 10.1186/s12886-025-04093-w.
9. 陳耀龍, 楊克虎, 王小欽, 等. 中國制訂/修訂臨床診療指南的指導原則(2022版)[J]. 中華醫學雜志, 2022, 102(10): 697-703. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20211228-02911.Chen YL, Yang KH, Wang XQ, et al. Guiding principles for formulating/revising clinical practice guidelines in China (2022 Edition)[J]. Natl Med J China, 2022, 102(10): 697-703. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20211228-02911.
10. 孫鑫, 李玲, 李舍予, 等. 促進高質量臨床實踐指南快速制訂與有效使用: MAGIC體系與中國行動[J]. 中國循證醫學雜志, 2020, 20(1): 2-6. DOI: 10.7507/1672-2531.201909110.Sun X, Li L, Li SY et al. Promoting the rapid creation and effective use of high-quality clinical practice guidelines: MAGIC system and China initiative[J]. Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine, 2020, 20(1): 2-6. DOI: 10.7507/1672-2531.201909110.
11. Reibaldi M, Pulvirenti A, Avitabile T, et al. Pooled estimates of incidence of endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents with and without topical antibiotic prophylaxis[J]. Retina, 2018, 38(1): 1-11. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000001583.
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