Objective To review research progress of bifunctional biomaterials in the treatment of bone tumors and bone defects in recent years, aiming to provide assistance for the further research of bifunctional biomaterials. Methods A wide range of domestic and international literature on the preparation and properties of novel bifunctional biomaterials in recent years was reviewed, followed by summary and analysis. Carrier-functionalized materials, intrinsically active materials, and immune-engineered materials were summarized respectively, and discussions were conducted from aspects such as anti-tumor effects and controlled drug release. Results Studies have revealed that, unlike traditional biomaterials, the novel bifunctional biomaterials can effectively inhibit the in-situ recurrence of bone tumors through precise drug delivery, external field-responsive tumor killing and immunomodulatory anti-tumor effects. Meanwhile, relying on osteoconduction, osteoinduction, and tissue engineering technologies, they promote new bone formation and bone functional reconstruction in bone defect areas. ConclusionNovel multifunctional biomaterials can inhibit bone tumor cells and promote new bone formation at the site of bone defects.