Objective To explore the relationship between kinesiophobia, psychological resilience, and rehabilitation self-efficacy in postoperative patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH) and constructing a nomogram prediction model for postoperative kinesiophobia. Methods LDH patients admitted to Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University between July 2021 and June 2024 were selected. Patients with LDH were assessed using a general information questionnaire, the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and the Self-Efficacy for Rehabilitation Outcome Scale. Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of kinesiophobia in postoperative LDH patients, and a nomogram prediction model was constructed based on these factors. Results A total of 256 LDH patients were included. Among them, the average kinesiophobia score was (38.16±4.24) points, the average psychological resilience score was (55.36±4.26) points, and the average rehabilitation self-efficacy score was (96.06±6.06) points. Kinesiophobia was present in 149 patients (58.20%) after surgery. Kinesiophobia showed a negative correlation with both psychological resilience and rehabilitation self-efficacy (P<0.01). The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that, Age≥60 years, female gender, lack of pain guidance, low psychological resilience score, and low rehabilitation self-efficacy score were identified as independent risk factors for kinesiophobia in postoperative patients with lumbar disc herniation (P<0.05). The validation results of the nomogram model showed a C-index of 0.809, with the calibration curve approaching the ideal curve, and an area under the curve of 0.811. Conclusions Age ≥60 years, female gender, lack of pain guidance, low rehabilitation self-efficacy scores, and low rehabilitation self-efficacy scores were significantly associated with the risk of kinesiophobia in postoperative patients with LDH. The nomogram model constructed based on these factors demonstrated good predictive value for the occurrence of kinesiophobia in these patients.