Large bone defect repair is a difficult problem to be solved urgently in orthopaedic field, and the application of bone repair materials is a feasible method to solve this problem. Therefore, bone repair materials have been continuously developed, and have evolved from autogenous bone grafts, allograft bone grafts, and inert materials to highly active and multifunctional bone tissue engineering scaffold materials. In this paper, the related mechanism of bone repair materials, the application of bone repair materials, and the exploration of new bone repair materials are introduced to present the research status and advance of the bone repair materials, and the development direction is also prospected.