Liver transplantation plays a pivotal role in the field of treating end-stage liver diseases. It is currently the only treatment method that can effectively save patients’ lives and has been fully verified as effective in clinical practice. However, the problem of postoperative infection has become one of the key factors impeding the favorable prognosis of patients. Among them, donor-derived infections, due to their uniqueness and complexity, are gradually becoming a research hotspot in both clinical and scientific research fields. Through a systematic and comprehensive analysis of a large number of existing studies, we deeply analyzed the overall current situation of infections after liver transplantation, clarified the specific types of donor-derived infections and their respective characteristics. On this basis, the potential risks of such infections were thoroughly explored, and preventive strategies such as the prophylactic use of antibiotics and vaccination were put forward in a targeted manner, aiming to improve the prognosis of patients after liver transplantation to the greatest extent and enhance the quality of life of patients.