Currently, the aging population in China is severe, and the number of elderly patients with diseases has increased accordingly. In the emergency department, middle-aged and elderly patients account for a relatively high proportion, and malnutrition is prevalent among elderly patients, which affects their health and clinical outcomes from various aspects. However, the attention of emergency medical staff to malnutrition is far lower than that of the diseases themselves in elderly patients, and the screening and evaluation of malnutrition are far lower than those of other specialties and inpatient departments. Therefore, this paper expounds the epidemiological status, nutritional assessment, diagnosis, treatment and influencing factors of malnutrition in elderly patients in emergency department, in order to help emergency medical staff strengthen the attention and intervention of elderly malnutrition patients.