ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the effects of weight-loss interventions on hormone levels and sexual function in patients with obesity. MethodsThis review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and other databases was performed for studies published within the past decade that investigated the effects of bariatric surgery, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, and lifestyle interventions on sex hormones and sexual function. ResultsBariatric surgery (e.g., sleeve gastrectomy, gastric bypass) demonstrated the most pronounced improvements in hormonal balance and sexual function. In males, total testosterone levels doubled postoperatively, with marked increase in erectile function score. In females with polycystic ovary syndrome, androgen levels were reduced by 50%, with significant amelioration in the female sexual function index. GLP-1 receptor agonists (e.g., semaglutide, liraglutide) partially improved sperm quality and testosterone levels, but were also associated with a higher risk of erectile dysfunction (with a hazard ratio of approximately 4.5). Lifestyle interventions (e.g., low-calorie diet, exercise) could increase sex hormone-binding globulin levels and improve sexual function score, although their efficacy remained inferior to that of surgery. ConclusionsWeight-loss interventions can alleviate hormonal imbalances and sexual dysfunction in obesity, with bariatric surgery demonstrating the most significant effects. Pharmacological and lifestyle interventions have shown variable efficacy. Future research should further investigate mechanisms underlying effects of different weight-loss modalities on sexual health.