Large language models (LLMs), a key component of artificial intelligence (AI), represent a significant breakthrough in natural language processing. As the capabilities of LLMs continue to evolve, their potential applications and future implications in clinical medical education warrant considerable attention. This study systematically reviews the development of LLMs, explores their innovative applications within the context of current challenges in clinical medical education, and critically assesses both the advantages and limitations of their implementation. The objective is to provide a comprehensive reference for the continued integration of AI-driven LLMs into clinical medical education.