ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemic trend of thyroid cancer in China from 2005 to 2018, and understand the estimated epidemiological situation of thyroid cancer in China in 2022 based on the thyroid cancer registration data reported by the National Cancer Registration Center and the China Cancer Registration Annual Report. MethodsThe cases of new thyroid cancer and deaths in China were analyzed according to the data of approximately 700 cancer registries in 2018 and the data of 106 cancer registries from 2005 to 2018, then stratified by sex, age, urban and rural areas, and main regions in China. And the estimated incidence and mortality of thyroid cancer in China in 2022 were analyzed based on the population data in 2020. Results① The age standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age standardized mortality (ASMR) of thyroid cancer in China from 2005 to 2018: in the whole population, the ASIR showed a relatively rapid upward trend and the ASMR showed a relatively slower upward trend; The ASIR and ASMR of men were lower than those of women and the trend of change was also slower than that of women; The ASIR of thyroid cancer in the whole urban population was markedly higher than that in the rural population and the average annual rising rate (AARR) in the urban and rural areas was 6.31% and 0.38% respectively, while the ASMR had no obviously difference between the urban and rural populations (the AARR was 3.23% and 2.33% respectively); The ASIR of thyroid cancer was the highest in the eastern region with a markedly rising, but its ASMR had a relatively lower rising rate, while the ASIR in the western region was relatively lower and the ASMR also showed a downward trend, and the ASMR in the central region had a relatively obvious rising rate. ② The estimated incidence and mortality of thyroid cancer in China in 2022: the estimated ASIR and ASMR of the whole population in 2022 was still rising as compared with in 2018 (ASIR: 24.64 per 100 000 vs. 12.01 per 100 000; ASMR: 0.45 per 100 000 vs. 0.37 per 100 000 ); The estimated ASIR and ASMR in women were still much higher than in men (ASIR: 36.51 per 100 000 vs. 13.25 per 100 000; ASMR: 0.55 per 100 000 vs. 0.35 per 100 000); Among the urban and rural populations, the estimated ASIR in urban was still higher than in rural areas (27.87 per 100 000 vs. 17.66 per 100 000), while the estimated ASMR had no marked difference between them (0.41 per 100 000 vs. 0.52 per 100 000). Compared with 2018, the development trend of the ASIR was still rising (urban: 27.87 per 100 000 vs. 15.58 per 100 000; rural: 17.66 per 100 000 vs. 8.95 per 100 000). The age specific ASIR of thyroid cancer showed a marked sex differences, that is, it began to rise rapidly from the 20–30 years old group, and reached the peak at the 45–50 years old group (the highest ASIR was 97.00 per 100 000) in women; However, which had been in a slower upward trend from the 0 to 20 years old group, while it had been rising rapidly from the 20 to 25 years old group, reaching the peak at the 30–35 years old group (the highest ASIR was 31.60 per 100 000) in men. The overall trend of age specific ASMR for thyroid cancer was similar for both males and females, with a slower increase starting from the 0–35 years old age group and continuous rising till 85 years old and above. ConclusionsThe incidence and mortality of thyroid cancer in China are rising, and the disease burden is still severe and the differences are existed in urban and rural areas, sex, age, and main regions. Overall, the prevention and control situation is complex and severe in China.
ObjectiveTo compare the epidemiological differences of gastric cancer among the China, Japan, and South Korea in recent years, and put forward targeted questions and suggestions for further high-quality development of gastric cancer control in China. MethodsBased on the GLOBOCAN registry data of 2018, 2020, and 2022 released by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, this study systematically analyzed and evaluated the epidemiological characteristics of gastric cancer in China, Japan, and South Korea. Specifically, it compared the differences in incidence, mortality, and case-fatality risk of gastric cancer between China and the other two countries. Subgroup analyses included gender-specific and age-specific observation and comparisons. Sensitivity analyses involved consistency comparison of results derived from crude data and age-standardized data. ResultsOverall, there were still significant differences in the incidence, mortality, and case-fatality risk of gastric cancer among China, Japan, and South Korea. The absolute burden of gastric cancer incidence in China was significantly higher than that in Japan and South Korea, but the proportion of China in global new gastric cancer cases decreased from 44.1% to 37.0%, with a reduction of 7.1%. Both the crude incidence rate (from 33.1 per 100 000 persons to 25.4 per 100 000 persons) and age-standardized incidence rate (from 20.7 per 100 000 persons to 13.7 per 100 000 persons) of gastric cancer in China showed a consistent downward trend, and were significantly lower than those in Japan and South Korea. In 2022, the age-standardized incidence rates of gastric cancer were 27.6 per 100 000 persons and 27.0 per 100 000 persons in Japan and South Korea, respectively. The proportion of China in global gastric cancer deaths was heavier than that of incidence, but it also decreased from 49.9% to 39.5%, with a reduction of 10.4%. Similarly, the crude mortality rate (from 27.4 per 100 000 persons to 18.4 per 100 000 persons) and age-standardized mortality rate (from 17.5 per 100 000 persons to 9.4 per 100 000 persons) of gastric cancer in China presented a rapid downward trend. In 2022, the age-standardized mortality rates of gastric cancer were 7.2 per 100 000 persons and 6.5 per 100 000 persons in Japan and South Korea, respectively. By 2022, the crude case-fatality risk of gastric cancer in the Chinese population was still significantly higher than that in Japan [RR=1.63, 95%CI (1.04, 2.56), P=0.034] and South Korea [RR=1.86, 95%CI (1.08, 3.22), P=0.026]. In all three countries, the incidence rate, mortality rate, and case-fatality risk of gastric cancer in males were higher than those in females in each year, but the sex differences showed a narrowing trend. In 2022, the age-standardized incidence rates of gastric cancer in China, Japan, and South Korea all increased rapidly after exceeding 20 per 100 000 persons at the point of 45 years old, and the case-fatality risk also increased with age. ConclusionsAlthough the absolute disease burden of gastric cancer in China remains substantial in recent years, a significant downward trend has emerged. The crude and age-standardized incidence rate of gastric cancer in China is lower than that in Japan and South Korea, whereas the case-fatality risk of gastric cancer in China remains notably higher than that in the other two countries. It is necessary to continuously strengthen the systematic prevention and management, screening and surveillance of high-risk subpopulation, and quality control of standardized diagnosis and treatment.