Pain education based on biomedical models is currently a common approach to patient pain management. However, due to its inability to accurately explain pain, patients may develop incorrect beliefs and understandings about pain, leading to anxiety and fear of movement. Pain neuroscience education is based on a biological psychological social educational model, aiming to redefine the concept of pain. It has a positive effect on pain, catastrophizing, anxiety, and fear of movement, and is a reliable new method for pain rehabilitation therapy and management. This article provides a review of the concept, implementation principles, implementation methods, dosage factors, combination therapy, and clinical application of pain neuroscience education, in order to provide ideas for the rehabilitation therapy of pain.