Objective To systematically review the research status of various assessment tools for post-extubation dysphagia (PED) in mechanically ventilated ICU patients, and analyze their clinical characteristics and application scenarios. Methods In accordance with the 2020 JBI scoping review guidelines and the PCC framework, relevant literature was retrieved from eight domestic and international databases from inception to May 2025. Two researchers independently screened the literature and extracted data. Results A total of 24 studies involving 24 PED assessment tools were included, which were classified into three categories (screening, diagnostic, and dynamic monitoring). Screening tools are sensitive and convenient, suitable for bedside preliminary screening; diagnostic tools are precise and reliable, relying on multidisciplinary collaboration; dynamic monitoring tools focus on tracking long-term recovery. Together, they cover the full-course management of patients. Existing studies show significant heterogeneity, and there is insufficient domestic evidence. Conclusions Current PED assessment tools have formed a hierarchical application framework, yet unified clinical application standards are lacking. It is recommended to standardize the assessment procedure, promote the localization of tools and nurse-led screening, and optimize the assessment process combined with biomarkers and intelligent technology, so as to improve the early identification and clinical management quality of PED.