Objective To explore the application and research progress of tissue-engineered scaffolds in the treatment of long-segment laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS). MethodsA comprehensive review of relevant domestic and international literature was conducted to summarize and analyze the application of different tissue-engineered scaffolds in the treatment of long-segment LTS, including the use of natural materials, synthetic polymers, their composite materials, and biodegradable metals. Results Conventional treatment methods for long-segment LTS are often limited in efficacy and associated with a high risk of complications. Tissue-engineered scaffolds can simulate the extracellular matrix and provide a suitable microenvironment for cellular growth, effectively supporting and promoting the repair and regeneration of laryngotracheal tissues. However, different scaffold materials exhibit distinct characteristics in terms of performance and clinical application. Natural materials offer good biocompatibility but insufficient mechanical strength and overly rapid degradation; synthetic polymers provide tunable mechanics but weak bioactivity and a tendency to induce inflammation; composite materials integrate the advantages of both, combining bioactivity with structural strength; biodegradable metal stents possess high mechanical strength and favorable degradability, but optimization of corrosion rate and the safety of degradation products is still required. ConclusionTissue-engineered scaffolds offer a novel therapeutic approach for long-segment LTS. However, further research and optimization of scaffold materials and design are required to enhance treatment efficacy and clinical outcomes.